Three-Dimensional High Precise Optical Positioning Technique And Its Clinical Application

In the first part of the thesis, 3-D positioning for the multiple markers and its applications are discussed, and a high precise, real-time optical 3D positioning system has been developed basing on the three-dimensional (3-D) positioning theory of multiple linear charge couple device (CCD) camera, which can track multiple markers movement in the space. Eventually, the 3-D positioning system has been applied in the stability assessment of clinical bone plate fixation. The main achievements are: [1] Introducing the direct linear transform (DLT) method to 3-D coordinates reconstruction based on the linear CCD cameras. And proposing that the number of effective camera external and internal parameters is 7, which is identical with that of DLT equation coefficients. The consistency of the number between them makes each vector of the rotation matrix orthogonal in coordinates transform, and reduces the 3-D coordinates reconstruction error as well. [2] Proposing and fabricating a composite lenses composed of a single cylindrical lens paired with Double Gauss Lenses as the optical lens of the linear CCD camera, which meets the imaging requirement with both wide view field and high resolution. [3] Developing an applicable real-time optical positioning system with high precision, and completing its hardware and software design. And developing a universal linear CCD driving circuit that can be used to drive both monochrome and color linear CCD. [4] Appling the 3-D positioning system in the stability assessment of clinical bone plate fixation, which fills up the deficiencies that biomechanics tester that cannot measure the geometrical change in the middle part of bone sample.The multi-mode information acquisition and registration for the surface of static object are discussed in the second part of this thesis. The main achievements are: [1] Developing a 3-D scanner combining a laser range finder with color linear CCD camera for getting the 3-D coordinates, reflectance and color information synchronously. [2] Realizing the horizontal registration between the range, reflectance images and color images by hardware design, simplifying the multi-mode information registration process into point to point registration in one dimensional images. [3] Proposing a method to registration the scanning plane of the laser range finder and color linear CCD camera in the horizon. [4] Completing the 3-D reconstruction and display of the object surface after multi-mode information registration.Above all, the thesis has completed the research and development of the real-time, high precise 3-D optical positioning system for multiple markers tracking, as well as the 3-D scanner prototype for the mass multi-mode information acquisition and registration of the object surface, all of them are significative in advancing the development for the optical 3-D measurement technique.