Research On Promotion Of College Entrance Equity In China Based On Dual Values Of Education

Influenced by the marketization and globalization in the economic field, world-wide higher education also shows a kind of "economism" in development trend, moreover, higher education as a service being provided and consumed has become an indisputable existing fact. As a developing country being in a period of social transformation, China has a market economy system that is comparative imperfect, an economic development of comparative lower and extremely unbalanced level, and a lower per capita income with a huge gap between rich and poor. In such conditions of our country, great deviation and conflict between practice and policy as well as behavior and concept will inevitably arise in market-oriented reform of higher education. This leads to the phenomena of high consumption and non-rational consumption in the field of higher education; on the other hand, this deepens the inequity of higher education. All these together have formed a great dilemma faced by the development of higher education and a practical problem needs to be solved urgently in China's effort to build a harmonious society. Higher education is a foundational industry related to the country's future and fate. The equity of higher education is also an important foundation for social equity. Therefore, to explore how to advance rational and equitable participation of higher education is an urgent requirement not only to promote the development of higher education itself, but also to resolve social conflicts and promote the harmonious development of society.Focused on the most basic issues of higher education inequity, namely college entrance inequity, and based on the reviews of former studies related to education equity and educational values, the two issues of irrational and inequitable participation of college entrance are linked together from the perspective of dual values of education and are putted into a uniform framework to study. Based on the analysis and review of related theories, this dissertation analyses the basic requirements of Chinese social transformation both in subject and object dimensions for college entrance equity, the meaning choice and the basic principles of college entrance should be followed in current period of China, as well as the relationship between internal values of education and inequity of college entrance, then puts forward a theoretical framework for the research on the realization of college entrance equity based on dual values of education.Combining related statistical data, this dissertation measures and analyzes the overall status of college entrance equity of our country from four different levels and aspects including town & country, region, gender and stratum. Result shows that the problem of college entrance inequity is very prominent and is expanding to deeper hidden level at current stage in our country. Generally speaking, the advantaged groups occupy more high-quality opportunities of college entrance by virtue of advantaged capitals, but disadvantaged groups obtain relatively small and low-level opportunities of college entrance by virtue of higher academic achievement. Therefore, this dissertation speculates about the internal causation of college entrance inequity, and further brings forward the theoretical hypothesis for this based on the analysis of the two basic values of college education. The theoretical hypothesis is that the upper social stratums' excessive pursuance of consumption value of college education is one of the major internal causations inducing college entrance inequity. On this basis, this theoretical hypothesis is proved to be right through the construction of a model combining dual values of education, and some related theoretical and practical evidences are put forward to support this. Then factor analysis method is used to commit an empirical analysis for the internal causation theory developed above.In order to further explore the theoretical paths and approaches to promote college entrance equity, based on the selection and analysis some related factors as well as analysis the rationalities of some related policies, four theoretical hypotheses about the relationships between internal and external causations of college entrance inequity are put forward following by the principles of links and interaction of the two. On this basis, the four theoretical hypotheses are proved in three models integrating dual values by using mathematical and economic methods. Consequently, three general paths are built to enhance college entrance equity. The three general paths are as follows:to guide individual educational choice, to implement non-uniform policy of tuition fees, to implement non-uniform policy of educational subsidies.Finally, along the three general paths and according the guiding ideology to prevent upper strata's rent-seeking by using their advantaged capitals, some strategies and measures are putted forward to promote college entrance equity from three aspects based on the analysis of related constraint factors and problems in our country. The three aspects are as follows:in the aspect of guiding individual educational choice, this dissertation puts forward to heighten academic ability standards of college entrance, to reform educational system and structure, to breakthrough respective courses of college. Besides, this dissertation also presents a specific guiding method based on selection value index combining dual values. In the aspect of implementing non-uniform policy of pure tuition price, this dissertation brings forward some specific measures and advices to optimize tuition and subsidy policies as well as to harmoniously match the two policies. In the aspect of technical guarantee of means test, this dissertation presents some specific ideas and measures to improve means-testing techniques of academic ability for college entrance as well as of qualification to obtain educational subsidy and repayment credit.