The Comparison Between The Modes Of The Western Moral Education: Justice And Care

The development of moral education theory is greatly pertinent to two factors. One is the theoretical supply of the ethnics and the other is the combination of the educational theory and ethnics. So the development and perfection of ethnics is the precondition and base of moral education theory. Different cognition to morality can result in different goal, content, method and form of organization of the moral education. It is not enough if we just carry on the reformation of goal, content, method and form of organization in order to obtain the ideal educational effect of moral education. If we want to obtain the real breakthrough for the moral education research, the correct cognition of the morality, especially the core of the morality is of great importance. The exact orientation of the essence of morality is greatly pertinent to the success or failure of moral education.This paper carries on the detail research to the western moral education using the history investigation method, reference analysis method and the comparison method. It is concluded that the core of the western traditional morality was justice, and in the seventies of the 20th century, the justice was put into trouble because of the limitation of the justice and the transformation of the times condition. The transformation of times condition recalls care as the core of the western morality. The transformation of the core of the morality can result in different pattern of moral education. Meanwhile, the morality that regards the justice as the core leads to the cognitive path and that regards the care as the core leads to the affective path. This paper mainly analyzes the justice-centered moral education pattern and the care-centered moral education pattern, makes a deep study of the advantage and the disadvantage of these two patterns of moral education, draws the conclusion that the correct moral education must be the combination of justice and care. This paper tries to give a precise definition to the essence and value orientation of morality by analyzing two kinds of completely different point of view on morality. Final purpose of this research is to give some suggestion on the enforcement of the moral education for the students.This paper is divided into four portions. Chapter 1 is the introduction of the justice that is the core of the western traditional morality. In this chapter the concept of justice, initiation of justice and its development are all introduced. The moral cognitive and developmental theory is also analyzed on these theories. Then, the limitation of the justice and the transformation of the times condition are also analyzed. This paper also mentions that the initiation of justice has its particular social background and history condition. When the history condition changes, the justice is put into trouble because of the limitation of itself. The transformation of times condition recalls the care as the core of the morality and moral education. These contents are introduced in chapter 2. Chapter 3 analyzes the care that is the core of morality and moral education. Definition of care, its initiation and the mode of the care-centered moral education are all introduced in this chapter. Chapter 4 analyzes the advantage and the disadvantage of care. The conclusion is that moral education must be the combination of justice and care.