In Cultural Vision Of Village, School And Nation

In recent years, while the party and the government highly takes the question of "Three Agriculture" (agriculture, countryside, farmer) day by day, the rural education also gradually became the hot spot of education research. But the research results has already been from the national education policy or government's macroscopic plan, it was short from countryman's education demand, village culture vicissitude. The local society's real educational prospect often submerged in the governmental great mainstream words, so governmental education reform was also farer and farer from the real demand of the village education. The essays chose a typical county of Huabei Pingyuan as cutting into the spot achieving to inspect the village educational history from the social ecology, the region culture, the population flowing with the education. Ti had been presented the vivid scene of the conflicting and the competition among the compulsory educational system and the village culture, the local knowledge with the state power gradually involving the village society, utilizing many kinds of research techniques including the history of oral and the material collection of the folk literature.Wenshang County in the Shandong Province was the core of radiation zone in the Qi and Lu culture, "Kong Zi Zai Zhong Dou" namely to this. Ti is also the experimental county of the 30's Liang Shuming village construction. Mr. Liao Taichu of Yanjing University society department carried out the rural education field inspection in Wenshang County in 1936. From the China and the West culture conflicting, Mr. Liao exhaustively inspected the school in Wenshang County to be resisted, competed, and even defeated by the Chinese traditional school. "The school was struggled the maintenance under government's strict order, in contrasts with the private school in the helping of common people to be prosperous." Our country was in a period from the traditional country to the nation-state at the end of the Qing. The modern school system as the important constituent of national construction gradually extended to the village, with nation conflicting with the place societies, the local revolting to the modern. The inherent culture structure of the village society was experiencing the unprecedented impact, in demonstrating modernization advancement richly colorful.The relations between the traditional village society and the nation had the high looseness. From "the imperial authority stops in county "to" central government powerless in local", it explained the village society revolved on own inherent logical track, gentry community situated between official and people's maintaining the village to govern by non-interference. The Chinese traditional school in village undertook by the family. Under this kind of frame, it had formed benign interaction between nation and society' from the overall. The village education was at the autonomous condition. since 20th century, with the state power sinking, the village education gradually brought into governmental management and the control system. The government carried out in the new style of education process in the countryside, experiencing private school's impedance mixed root in traditional society soil. The struggling of the private school and the new style education is the basic characteristic of Republic of China in village education. Although taking Mr. Liao Taichu field investigation as an item of regional case study, it has actually made the all inspection and the analysis to the educational condition of Wenshang County in Shandong Province. It had the extremely high historical data value.Understanding the 20th century villages education, the state power involved the village society is the important reference system. From the angle of view of national and society, it had discussed the interaction relations between the state power, the village and the school for a century, juxtaposes constructs the construction and local social, the local knowledge conflict at the cultural vicissitude field of vision analysis country education, and its different type culture authority interaction. The paper chose the Wenshang County of Shandong Province as the research object, utilizing cultural anthropology, through oral, narrating with the comparison and so on the many kinds of methods. It had presented vivid scene of conflict and the competition between the modern school and the local cultural, following the state power gradually to enter the village society for 20th century. "The waste imperial civil service examination, and populous the school" in the end of the Qing, It was the symbol of state power to starting to enter the village education. The impact of school, the movement of destroying the temple to encourage education" ,the innermost feelings which to the villagers, the gentry as well as the litigant creates contradictory and puzzled, often was forgotten by the big history, the modern school brings the external belief and the idea and the local knowledge and the custom conflict as well as brings the social influence, is extremely weak in the former history of education research, in fact, the national education system constructs the construction and the local knowledge conflict, the school and the village life mutual lack of understanding, the national education expectation and the villagers educates the intention the contradiction all to involve on village society this spool thread based on the state power, To this process depth description and the analysis to understood the modern school in the local society's acting role, the function as well as the existence flaw is extremely important.This research may be regarded as the tracing research of the anthropology in the certain significance, but it is different from the theory frame and the analysis angle of view. Before accumulating in the investigation data base of the predecessor, county education was attempted to set in the history frame, simultaneously introducing the being analysis. It presented the historical concrete scene by careful depth, avoiding the relatively unspecific malpractice of macro narrating in the certain degree.