Russian Higher Education Systems Research

The stUdy focuses at the changes haPpening in the higher educational systems ofRussia. As far as tranSformation is concemed, it involves the conditions that inheritedfrom the history the various changes of envirorunent that drives the transfOrmation,and the power, the content and all kinds of resultS from which it comes. Regarding tothe changes of higher educational systems, it illvolves the five following sorts' systemof maindsng the talversities, system of management, system of finance, system ofadrission and the employment of the graduaes from higher education constitution.Now that ffos stUdy is about the changes of Russian higher educational system, itnaturally involves the impact on which the whque traditional culture of Russia brings.Chapter one explores the inheritance of Russian higher educational system tYomits history, main1y the study neatens and abstracts the theories and practices of thetwo special periods in Russian history f the periods of Peter I to Ekarerina and theperiod of LeninStalin. From the neatening and abstTaction, the author tried tosununarize the actUality existed before the changes, e-g. the over interposition thecountry did to higher education, the ideological control, the administration of the state,the planned adInission of specialistS, and the leaning toward engineering, etc. Basedon the tWo different kinds of operationa1 thinking ways f "the overa11 westernization"and "the Sovietization", the study has found the similarities of the tWo: "the GreatPower" and "the duality" wnich provides ideologies and notions to the presentrefOrm..Chapter tWo tries to find out the transformational background of Russia Highereducational system. Together with chapter one, it analyses the prelude to thetransfOrmation from the perspectives of both history and reality. Owing to the changeof the new policy of carrying out democratic politics, market economy, the stabilitycondition of the state-centered Russia higher educational system has been broken andit resultS in the "have-to change" tinder the changes of externa1 environment. At thesaxne time. people's attitUdes to the hardcore of higher education have changed. Theyno longer regard it as "self service" and "special talent-service justness". As a matterof fact, it forces higher education to change its model of elitism, to accept thelAnitation of the old model of the tvay and methods of higher education. This inreverse result in "the have-to change" pushed by the intemal environmentChapter three does textual research of transfOrmational content thctors,emphasding on the practical efferts of Russian higher education refonn. ThetrarisfOrmation of this trie aims at Great Power. towards market economy, taking the"duality thinking way of" "coekistence model of oId and new" as their retbrmnotions. and setting a standard of variety. Under the premise that higher educationbeIongs to vocational education, they have done the transformation which reflects thetive *'multitudinousness". i.e. the multi-sponsorship. the mu1ti-level of administration,Jthe multi-finance investment, the multi-specification of talent, and the mu1ti-way ofadmission and emploppent.ChaPter fOur deals with the general feat-UIes of the transfOrmation rather than thespecific content, to indicate the fact that the transfOrmation has actua1ly exceeded thedevelopment of Russian higher education in 70s of 20th centUry f It has broken awayfrom the monopolization of single ideology, from the planned controI of the state,from the isolation caused by the traditional cu1ture. After having done thegenera1ization, the author points out the tendency of Russian higher educationtowards fut'Ure' it wil1 choose multi-ideologies, multi-markets of survival, and thedevelopment of intemationa1ization. This exceeding shows what system reform"could do" from the perspective of "demonstration".Chapter flve clarifies the limitation what Russian higher education "couId...