On The Fate Of Marx's THESEN In Understanding

Since 1888 Engels Published Karl Marx's Eleven Thesen On Feuerbach (abbreviation: THESEN) as the appendix of Ludwig Feuerbach und der Ausgang der Klassischen deutschen Philosophie, its theoretical significance and historical status had been an important and controversial issue by scholars at home and abroad. For 100 years, traditional Marxism, Second International theorists, Western Marxism and China scholars in the Period of"reflections on philosophy"from different positions, different perspective with different methods to explore this issue in order to open the mystery of"new world view"and reveal Marx's philosophical revolution.Before THESEN published, traditional Marxism represented by Engels, Plekhanov, Lenin, Stalin and Philosophy textbooks had formatted the understanding of"Dialectical materialism". This understanding regarded Marxist philosophy as"dialectical materialism"and thought Marx's philosophical revolution that was to combine the materialist and dialectic. Affected by prejudice, these"dialectical materialism"like wearing a pay colored glasses. They only expressed concerns about view of praxis and historical materialism of THESEN didn't attach importance to the other ideas of THESEN and didn't understand the first outline of the THESEN especially. So they failed to correctly understand the distinction between old and new materialism revealed by the THESEN and couldn't correctly understand the essence of the Marx's philosophical revolution.After Marx and Engels death, Second International theorists represented to Franz Mehring, Plekhanov, Paul Lafargue, Antonio Labriola and Kautsky inherited Marxist ideology. Only Mehring and Plekhanov referred to THESEN, almost all other theorists did not mention the THESEN. Mehring and Plekhanov understood THESEN on the Feuerbach's materialism position. They regarded the"basis"of Marxist materialism as the natural materialism of Feuerbach. They understand Marx's theory from this natural materialism; therefore, it was inevitable that they slid Positivism. Since positivism opposed metaphysics from the beginning of Mehring the Second International theorists promoted the theorists of"Marxist end philosophy". This had led to the invasion of revisionist ideas that tried to complement the philosophical foundation to Marxist. To proof Revisionism, Second International theorists found theoretical basis from the"Kant's philosophy","Dietzgan philosophy","Darwin's theory of evolution"and"Machism", so THESEN had been abandoned beyond their horizon. Because they didn't attach importance to the THESEN, didn't understand the first outline of THESEN, and so they couldn't understand the true meaning of Marx's philosophy revolution.In the 1930s"Western Marxism"thought rose. As the awakening of the awareness hermeneutics,"Western Marxism"began to reflect on their understanding of Marxist philosophy by traditional Marxism and Second International theorists and found there were many problems in their understandings. In the text understandable perspective,"Western Marxism"to"Return to Marx", they concerned and re-understood Marxism THESEN. Their understanding had many reasonable elements, which was quite close to the view of Practice and historical materialism of THESEN. However, due to their opposition to way of thought of"the subject and object separation", as a result they couldn't uphold materialism, in the treatment of Marx's materialist attitude shown ambiguous and shaken, and even shown the tendency to deviate from the materialism. Practice understood to include the activities of the spirit of the"the subject and object reunification"activities by them. To a certain extent, their understandings were away from the basic idea of THESEN. In the absence of completely correct understanding THESEN and therefore"Western Marxism"still couldn't understand the true meaning of Marx's philosophy revolution.From the late 1970s, China had entered a"reflections on philosophy"period. In the early stage of"reflections on philosophy", due to hermeneutics consciousness awakening scholar was aware of the defects of traditional Marxism and"Western Marxism", So they put"Return to Marx", and renewed attention to Marx's THESEN. In the text understandable perspective, scholars put attention and comprehensive study for the THESEN. However, a variety of vision conflicted and impacted, and scholars shown understanding of a variety of forms on the THESEN. There were"Dialectical"understanding,"Narrow historical materialism"understanding, beyond the"practical philosophy"understanding and the"practical materialism"understanding, etc. Their understandings were both near and far away from the THESEN.In the middle and late of"reflections on philosophy", to mark the discussion alienation and humanism,"Humanism"thought rose. In the mid-1980s, this trend of thought ebbed because of the criticism of the official ideology temporarily. In late 1990, the early 21st century, the official slogan of"people-oriented"was proposed again, which put"Humanism"thought to a climax. After the rise of"Humanism", to demonstrate the rationality of slogan of"people-oriented", academics search for original basis from Marx's Economic and Political Manuscript and away from the THESEN. Because of the impact of the values vision, Marx's revolutionary philosophy was once again obscured.Investigating history of Marx's thought before and after the birth of THESEN, we would find, before the birth of THESEN, Marxist believed in the"philosophy"and answered practical questions from the"philosophy"of principles. Such researching position was"philosophical stance". After the birth of THESEN, he opposed the"philosophy", ended"Philosophy"and recognized reality no longer on the basis of any theoretical principles but on the basis of reality itself. Such research position was"positive scientific stance". Changes that from"philosophical stance"to the"positive scientific stance"meant that Marx's way of thinking and its basic position on the issue changed also meant that the revolution occurred. These changes laid the foundation for the change of Marxist world view content, liquidated Marxism final"philosophical beliefs"that was Feuerbach humanitarian thinking, created new world view, practical materialism, which meant solve all the problems from practice and achieved a fundamental transformation of the new world view content.