The Formation Of Shatuo And Northern Ethnic Relations

As a member of the Chinese ancient ethnic groups, the Shatuo formerly belonging to West Turks lived in the West Regions, and later moved into the north of Dai, and took it as a base had grown. From the Western Regions to the north of Dai, the Shatuo interacted, blended and gradually formed a ethnic community from a small tribe with a number of ethnic guoups. In the Five Dynasties, Later Tang, Later Jin, Later Han were established by the Shatuo. In this paper, the relations are the research object to understand political, military and economic ties between the Shatuo and the northern ethnic groups. The contents of the article are as follows:Chapter One is the Introduction, including the origins of the main topic on the paper, significance on topics, Survey of the Shatuo, research methods and the difficulties and keys in writing and so on.Chapter Two is the discussion based on the scholars' study of the ethnic origin of the Shatuo and shows the author's tendency. Although the parts of the Chumi, the Uyghur, the Soghd and other ethnic groups integrated into the Shatuo, due to the oneness the ethnic origin, they can not be called the origin of the Shatuo. According to the Shatuo ancestral lineage, the origin should be the Zhuye tribe of the Chuyue tribal alliance of the Western Turkic Khaganate. The Shatuo lived in the Western Region in a long time, then moved into Ganzhou, the latter moved into the north of Dai in developing and expanding.Chapter Three mainly discusses main formation process of the ethnic community of the Shatuo and its ethnic composition. There are three processes of the Zhuye tribe, the Shatuo and the Shatuo three tribes of a new ethnic community during the formation of the ethnic community of the Shatuo. In the process of the formation of the ethnic community, the Shatuo absorbed Uyghur, Soghd, Tatar, Han etc different ethnic composition. They made together contributions to the formation of the Shatuo and the establishment of the Shatuo Dynasties.Chapter Four discusses the relations between the Shatuo and the Khitan. During the end of the Tang and the Five Dynasties, the Khitan was the strongest force in the north of ancient China. So the relations are accepted as an emphasis of the article between the Shatuo and the Khitan. This paper discusses four alliances between the Shatuo and the Khitan as an important aspect. Each of the four alliances has different benefit demands and reflect the political and military ties around the benefits between the Shatuo and the Khitan. It is a natural barrier of the North Central Plains that the location of Youzhou shows, but also is a southward road for forces in the northern nomadic groups.It had ever launched a competition for Youzhou between the Shatuo and the Khitan。Shi Jingtang established the Later Jin Dynasty through the assistance of the Khitan, and ceded "You-yun 16 states" to the Khitan, which had a significant impact on future generations.Chapter Five discusses the northern ethnic groups tributed to the Shatuo Dynasties. The reason selecting tribute as the object of the chapter is that historical data about the northern ethnic groups addition to the Khitan during the Five Dynasties are difficult to support a chapter. These northern ethnic groups with the Shatuo Dynasties were maintaining tributary relations and had no conflict.The tribute of northern ethnic groups in the paper are separated the northwest, north, north-east three regions to discuss. The paper is mainly the basis of tributary forms to analysis the number of tribute, tribute, returns and tributary envoies and so on. The economic relations through tribute not only has some economic significance, but also possesses a certain degree of political meaning among the Shatuo Dynasties and the northern ethnic groups.