Sui And Tang Dynasties Inland Fan Hu Ethnic Origin Different

It was an inevitable trend for immigratory groups to adopt single surname in line with central Chinese custom in the medieval age when they merged with Chinese civilization. In general, the single Chinese surname of immigratory ethnic groups is closely linked to their ethnicity, which is commonly so called "to the chiefdom as a surname". However, the Sui and Tang Dynasty did not stipulate specific surname system for the immigratory groups like the Northern Wei Dynasty, due to the different characteristics of the times. Without related institutions, on the one hand, the ancient traditions of "to the chiefdom as a surname" are still used by the western and northern nationalities who continuously move to the midland; on the other hand, this tradition has been destroyed with the immigratory groups surname of "Hu" (mainly the"昭武"surname,such as Kang,An,Mi etc) groups or "Fan" (mainly the inner Asian peoples) groups making changes different from before. However, the prejudice of fixing the ethnicity according to surname is prevalent in today's ethnic group research of the Middle Ages, owing to the shortage of academic comprehensive study on this variation.The basic point of this article is that for the immagratory groups who resettled in the Central Plains and mixed with other ethnic group in the late Middle Ages, and their surnames are often set by the political ecology and cultural environment of the land. In the nomadic areas with powerful political forces, Inland "Hu"(胡)family (mainly the Sogdian people) tend to use the single surname of a powerful aboriginal group; on the contrary, in the region with the "Hu" family of great influence or civilization, Inland "Fan"(蕃)groups often uses the surname of sogdians. Of course, it is often accompanied by other factors, such as the history link of immigrantory groups and economic interests of the demand. But on the whole, the reality of the social environment, to be exact, the political forces and comparison of the level of civilization, determines the surname orientation of immigratory people.This paper selected a number of typical cases from the late Northern Dynasties to Five Dynasties(五代)to demonstrate whether this view can stand and gain more materials for further analysis. They are:the official Yu Hong(虞弘)in the Northern Dynasty and early Sui Dynasty governments; Zhai Tu-suo(翟突娑),descendant of an official of Bingzhou; Zhai-Bntk(翟槃陀)on the occasion of the Sui and Tang; An-sha family and An Fu-guo family, the leaders of alti cub Soydap(六胡州)；Ashina She-er:阿史那社尔),the descendants of Ashina family; Kang-ayi kul targan(康阿义屈达干),the general of An-Rosxan; Shi Xian-chengl:史宪诚),the Mid and Late Heshuo weibo Military Commissioner and his son named Shi Xiao-zhangi(史孝章)；LI Huai-sen, Youzhou Military Commissioner; Shi Jing-tang(石敬瑭),the later Jin Emperor of Five dynasties, and Kang fu(康福),the Jin general. The ethnicity of those cases was once a hot topic among scholars. Although all of them have different opinions in details, the basic methods and principles of inferring their family's source according to surname are not changed, for example, Yu Hong considered as the descendant of Yu State:鱼国)；Zhai tu-Suo, Zhai bank as descendants of Tuyliyl(丁零)；and An sha,An-fuguo, kang-ayi kul targan,,Shi Xian-Cheng,,Shi Jing-tang, kang-fu, etc.as inner Asian peoples but Sogdian descendents; LI Huai-xiani(李怀仙)as "Hu" because his appearance liked the Sogdian descendants.By reexamining the origins of their family and analyzing the political environment or cultural environment after they immigrated, this paper holds that the traditional thinking "to the chiefdom as a surname" is not applicable for these people and comes to conclusion:these without "Hu" surname such as Yu Hong, Zhai Tu-Suo,Zhai-bank, etc. might be Sogdian descendants, while those with "Hu" surname such as An Sha, An Fu-guo, Kang ayi, Shi Xian-Cheng, Shi Jing-tang, Kang fu, etc. are just descendants of northern nomads. Such deviation is caused by the specific social environment where immigrantory ethnic peoples settled down. Based on the interests of certain political considerations, the Sogdian descendant Zhai Tu-suo, Yu Hong and Zhai Bank who need to rely on strong aboriginal forces adopt the surname of "Fan" and give up "An" or "Kang". For the same reason, Kang Ayi,Shi Xian-cheng,Shi Jing-tang use the surname "Hu". Besides the political factor, the gap of civilization, history links and economic interests demand have an important influence on the destruction of the tradition. Even the specific historic period was also a dominant cause.These cases mentioned above are typical among the immigrantory peoples. For example, An sha,Ashina She-er should be "Zhe Jie"(柘羯)；Kang Ayi, Shi Xian-cheng, etc.can be called "hybrid Hu"; and Shi Jing-tang, Kang Fu is no doubt descendants of Shatuo(沙陀)peoples. By researching their origin, we can draw the following conclusion:those who believe in Zoroastrianism should be descendants of West Hu ethnic, especially sodigan, while those who act as s'rtp'w(萨宝),leaders of "Hu", seem to be descendants of Sogdians. "Zhe Jie"(柘羯)\Shatuo(沙陀),Anqing tribes except Sogdian descent mixed with Turkic, Uighur, Xi(奚族)and other species abound. These people who often have sogdian appearance are called "Hu "by the people of central plains.Case studies and related conclusions can not only help us deeply understand the diversity of surname orientation of immigrantory peoples in the late Middle Ages and the relationship between inner Asian peoples and West Hu ethnics in the late Middle ages. In addition, they provide a new viewing angle for us to interpret a number of important issues in the Middle Ages, such as setting the chiefs of six Hu states, the ethnics components of the An-Rosxan's army, and Shatuo((沙陀)peoples assimilated into Han and sogdianse.