Xuzhou Han Tomb Study With The Han Dynasty

It's Xuzhou that the hometown of Liu Bang and the important kingdom of Two-Han-Dynasty. A number of Han tombs have been discovered and excavated here, so it provides a large abundant of objects data to make the deep investigation on the Han tomb and social activities.This paper is divided into five parts, nine chapters.First part: Preface. Introduce Xuzhou's geography situation, historical development as well as Xuzhou's Han tombs discovery, excavation and general condition of investigation. Narrate concisely about the method, aim and meaning of study. Then, explain the structure and mainly innovated points of the paper.Second Part: The basically archaeological study of Xuzhou's Han tombs. This part includes two chapters: second and third.The Second chapter: study the king's mausoleum of Xuzhou in the Two-Han-Dynasty. Analyzing the mausoleum's shape, relative location, burial objects and others, the writer concludes the occupants of those tombs. Comparing with the Emperor's mausoleum and other kings' tombs, the writer points out the characteristics of Xuzhou's Han tombs. And then discuss some relative questions.The Third chapter: The archaeological study of Han pint and medium-scale tombs' shape and the typical funeral objects. According to the different characters, the Han pint and medium-scale tombs of Xuzhou can be divided into six types, the writer analyzes the each type from typology way. Meanwhile, the writer uses the typology to analyze the typical pottery. Bases on those studies, the writer arrange these tombs by different period and discusses the rule of the development. Comparing the Xuzhou's Han tombs with the around area's Han tombs, the writer summarizes the regional characteristics of Xuzhou.Third Part: Discuss the social phenomenon of the Han-Dynasty reflected by Xuzhou's Han tombs. This part includes five chapters: forth, fifth, sixth, seventh.The forth chapter: The Xuzhou's Han-Dynasty politics with the kingdom's characteristic. Discussing the Xuzhou's politics, state construction, capital institution and social regime at Han-Dynasty, the writer concludes that Xuzhou Han-Dynasty's politics has the stronger feature of the kingdoms politic. This kind of politics is the co-development politics history between the kingdom and the local landlord class, at the same time, it embodiments that the politics characteristics of the centralized power' strengthen, the vassal king's power descend and local landlord class influence boost up.The fifth chapter: The influence and embodiment of Han-Dynasty ideology in the Xuzhou's Han tomb. The Xuzhou's Han tombs have a great influence in the social ideology, such as, the Confucianism, primitive Taoism, and early Buddhism and so on. In these ideologies, the funeral ideology is the most direct and abundant one. This ideology reflects the people's attitude toward treat the funeral and bury, just as, see dead as one's lived, turn into the gods, lavish and plain funeral, and so on.The sixth chapter: The prosper development of the economy in Xuzhou's Han-Dynasty. The Xuzhou's Han tombs obviously reflects the configuration and development-level of Han-Dynasty's economy, and it also represents the different aspects and arrangements, such as agriculture, handicraft industry and commerce, which have made a great progress and play the priority roles all over the country.The seventh chapter: The abundant of material life. The Xuzhou's Han tomb reflects the aspects of clothing, food, residence and travel. It reflects the rich and various material lives in Han-Dynasty in Xuzhou. Those material life are accord with the fertility level of that times, meanwhile it has the characteristics of them. The characters are more great rank distinction, visible manorial-economy. Although it has the remarkable regional characteristics, yet it also connected with the circumstance of social development.The Forth Part: Eighth chapter. Study some relative questions of Xuzhou's Han tomb.This paper study some question, such as the construction of the Xuzhou's Han tombs, the process of Han relief bricks, couple-tombs, burial tombs, burial pits and chariot pits. Those studies reflect the Xuzhou's economy, politics' change, social ideaology's transformation, such as the descend of vassal's power, the difference in the occupant status, the family ethic's showing, death world's recognition, bury mind's change, desired to turning into the gods and some relative techniques, etc. This part mainly complements the former part.The fifth Part: The ninth chapter. The formation and characteristics of Xuzhou's regional culture in Han dynasty. Based on the frontal study, the paper analyses the formation, content and characteristic of Xuzhou regional culture of Han dynasty. Under the circumstance of the unify Han culture, by the continual amalgamation and innovation, on the basis of succeed and absorb the former culture, it can infer that the regional culture are formed. The characters of Xuzhou's regional culture are the vassal state, the imbalance and tend to sameness. This regional culture has the active contribution to unify Han culture's formation development, moreover some things are innovative. And it's reflected the tendency of Han culture is make up regional culture merge in the one uniform culture.To sum up, pass the system sorting relative data and archaeological study of the Xuzhou's Han tomb, we found the rules of the tomb's development, build the time sequence. Besides these researches, the writer also studied some tombs which are about the general condition of politics, economy, beliefs, and material aspects and so on. Through those researches, we made a conclusion about Xuzhou's culture and affirmed that Xuzhou play the difference roles on the unified progress of Han culture. In a word, on the basis of forefather's research, by synthesizing archaeological theory and method, history literature and other relative subjects, this paper did an attempt to completely research of the Xuzhou's Han tombs and that times social contains.