A Research On Public College "XueLi" In Han-Tang Dynasty

Courtesy and music are basic knowledge in the Confucian Culture, which has created significant effect in China's long history. "Xueli" is one of the courtesy which closely related to school education, and it is a important field of spreading and developing Confucian culture. The period of HanTang was an important stage in which ancient "Xueli" had enriched gradually and national institutionalization. Although in past history research, there were some people stating Confucian courtesy and music culture, more paid attention to the contents about "emperor ",such as Jiaosi, temple and so on, and fewer showed solicitude for school education, so there are undoubtedly a few shortcomings in fully understanding Confucian courtesy and music culture. Based on the core of the development of Hantang Xueli institutionalization and the main line of Xueli implementation place and concrete operation, the paper mainly analyzed the historical transition and effect of Xueli such as Shidian,Shixue,Chizhou,Dashe,Xiangyinjiu,Xiangshe,Shuxiu and so on in central and local public college. Through investigation and analysis, I think HanTang Xueli is the important content of practicing nation's Confucian civilization and of establishing nation's orthodox status and belief. Different dynasties in HanTang advocated teaching of Confucius and initiated education and practiced courtesy and at last established a courtesy and music culture system.The implementation and operation of the system were to safeguard nation's orthodox status and to produce important roles of forming unity of Confucian Culture tradition. The paper collected information extensively such as official history booka, Confucian classics and annotation letters, documents and catalogues, and tomb marks to discuss. Introduction reviewed academic history and raises questions. Summery overviewed the whole article and cames to the conclusions. The main body can be divided three parts, former part, middle part, and last part.The former part investigated and analyzed the transition of implementation place of central public college Xueli and the history of institutionalization of Xueli in HanTang such as Shidian,Shixue,Chizhou,Dashe and so on.First, through investigation and analysis of the relationship between Sanyong and Taixue in Hantang period, we can identify courtesy and music facilities and the original source of Hantang Xueli. Nobody had known Sanyong constructionand courtesy and music of previous stage of Qin in Han dynasty. Under the official need of reviving teaching of Confucius and safeguard unity in Han dynasty, they rebuilt Sanyong building of former Qin dynasty as a symbol of Confucian courtesy and music to perform Xueli such as Dashe,Yanglao and so on. With the emperor in Han dynasty establishing Taixue and Guozixue in Jin dynasty and Guozisi in BeiQi and the development of public collegewhich Guozijian belonged to in Sui and Tang dynasty, central public college including Taixue took place of "Sanyong" gradually, and became the main place where public college Xueli was practiced. Second, through investigating and analyzing successive changes and implementation of central public college Xueli such as Shidian,Chizhou, Shixue,Yanglao.Dashe and so on. we can know that different people such as emperor , the crown prince, Hundred officials. Studies the official of Guozi and Taixue xueguan and so on had corresponding contents, and in the course of these contents transition established the core place of Shidian gradually which had characteristics of the Sages of Kongzi and Deceased teacher of Yanhui, Four o'clock Sacrificial offering, Famous Confucian scholar From offers sacrifice, Offers a sacrifice to the liquor host to offer a sacrifice in central public college Xueli, together with minor contents like emperor Shixue,Yanglao Crown prince Chizhou, constituted a more integrated system of central public college Xueli. And in the course of the formation, Shidianli which belonged to central public college Xueli had finished its history of institutionalization, and had become the important content of national etiquette institution. The Confucian courtesy and music culture was formed by central public college as the core, Xueli as pattern, the Confucian classics as contents, Confucian as the representative and including operation system of Guoxue and Taixue which emperor and other royal people manage. It had already had the major characteristic of national religion.The middle part investigated and analyzed the transition of local public college Xueli and the history of institutionalization of Xueli such as shidian, xiangyinjiu,xiangshe and so on in HanTang. During this period, local public college consisted of Zhouxue,Junxue,Xianxue. Because of practicing commanding officer management, local Provincial governor.Taishou, county magistrate and other different ranks officer had more self-authority, and local public college was carried out by local officer. Because local public college was considered as the major measure to stabilize political situation and change old customs, the function of local public college was highly emphasized by different ranks government official. Temple educational system, which formed by the combination of appearance of Confucian temple and local public college, had become the key pattern of local public college. So shidian had become the core of local public college Xueli, and had formed the position of the Confucian courtesy and music culture which symbolized by Temple educational system. The Confucian culture which based on this had also become the main stream culture in local society and had played important role in stabilizing political situation and changing old customs. The practice of Xiangyinjiu and Xiangshe which belonged to Etiquette had also developed the same function in local public college. So Confucian education had extended civilian class, and had become orthodox belief which owned official character and was balanced to civilian belief.The last part investigated and analyzed Xueli contents which did not belong to central and local public college. There was some special etiquette for students in HanTang public collegeXueli system, especially Shuxiuli, Shuxiu was the basic manner of following teacher for leaning in Crown prince education and Guoxue, Taixue and other more extensive private education. In HanTang period, shuxiu, as the basic definition of tuition, had already been not the main stream, but had become the main form of honoring teachers and respecting his teachings and cultivating quality, and had obvious meaning in morality and etiquette. At last, it had become a part of national etiquette institution and standard. Besides, the special etiquette such as Xinsang,Sishi were important contents which worth paying attention to. Although the two kinds of etiquette were not included in the range of national institution, they had existed and produced significant effect. In ancient funeral service and burial, the role of "teacher"was in the embarrassing situation, "teacher"had not funeral service and burial, and this did not change from Confucian times to HanTang, but because of "teacher" special political and cultural status, they had funeral service and burial from public college to private education in HanTang period. Because most of "teacher" as object of Xinsang and Sishi had government official experiences, it was indispensable to be a part of public college contents.Through careful unscrambling and analyzing, we can come to the conclusion that the national institutionalization of Courtesy and music culture was always a major basement for Confucian getting legal political status in the course of Confucian spreading and developing in HanTang period. Just in the course of institutionalization and institutionalization of Courtesy and music culture, school education field which Confucian monopolizes had become the spreading and practicing place of Courtesy and music culture and ideas. So Xueli institution which characterized by school education began to be prosperous and flourishing. Every kind of etiquette rules related with culture representatives of Confucian and famous scholar in past dynasties and sages and virtuous men in contemporary era started to form a single system and practiced in central and local public college and extended to the whole social education, and formed a series of etiquette institutions which surrounding Confucian classics education. Ancient etiquette in former stage of Qin dynasty such as Shidian,Shixue,Yanglao,Deshe,Chizhou,Xiangyinjiu,Xiangshe,Shuxiu,Xinsang,Sishi had had many new changes in HanTang historical transition, and had given new connotation and meaning in that age. Etiquette rules which based on school education would include the education from emperor to civilian, and at last became formal etiquette institutions which based on the form of national institutionalization. National public college Xueli system finally shaped and sidianhua institutionalization in HanTang period ,which caused a spreading and developing system of Confucian Courtesy and music culture, which had the representative of Confucian and had the canon of Confucian classics and had preacher of past dynasties famous person and had the school of the combination of temple and school and had the ritual of Shidian and included the education from emperor to civilian. Owing to national institutionalization of Xueli, the operation of this system had become national orthodox system, Confucianism China was just as the natural result of history transition.