On The Chinese Cults And Gangs During The Anti-Japanese War

The dissertation focuses upon the social and political activities of the Shandong Cults and Gangs and the interaction among the Cults and Gangs, Chinese Communist Party, Kuo Mintang and Japanese Invaders. This paper sets its base on the activities of the national Cults and Gangs, and takes the Anti—Japanese War as its historical setting. It is held in the dissertation that the Cults and Gangs' activities had a distinctive political style during the Anti-- Japanese War, and therefore they were attached great importance to by the CCP, KMT and Japanese Invaders. In the meantime, the disintegration and combination of the Shandong Cults and Gangs, intensified by the three political sides' policies influenced the course of the Anti—Japanese War to varying degrees. The dissertation consists of five chapters, the main contents of which are as follows:The Shandong Cults and Gangs are noted for their long history, widely-spreading and great power, which was due to the interaction and combined influence of many factors which, therefore, have formed an organic whole .In this organic whole, famine, pressure of population, exorbitant taxes and levies and economy failure are the external irritant factors, while conservative points of view are the internal motive power, and the serious calamity by soldiers and bandits exactly destroyed the social adjusting function. So the regular pattern of the Shandong Cults and Gangs emerges and develops. (Chapter Ⅰ)After the war broke out, a turbulent situation of politics and society came into being, while the Cults and Gangs were rapidly going from strength to strength because Shandong province was occupied swiftly by the Japanese Invaders. Because of the factors coming from themselves and the three political and military powers, the Shandong Cults and Gangs experienced an unprecedentedly grand disintegration andcombination so far as their national and political stands are concerned. Some struggled firmly, and some sought refuge from the Japanese Intruders;some accepted the Anti—Japanese policies of the CCP, and some were close to the KMT;there were also some who struggled firmly against the Japanese Invaders, and who neither accepted the Anti—Japanese policies of the CCP, nor was close to the KMT. (Chapter II)The Cults' and Gangs' being close to the KMT and even surrendering to the Japanese Invaders brought grand pressure to the Shandong CCP. According to the policies about the Anti—Japanese United Front, formulated by the Central Committee, the Shandong CCP dealt with the cults and gangs in the light of specific conditions. The Shandong CCP united and won over the majority of the Cults and Gangs, and firmly put down the reactionary ones. In the meantime, appropriate measures were taken to the base areas, enemy-occupied areas and middle areas between them. The policy was a great success. (Chapter III)Compared with the CCP' force and Japanese force in Shandong province, the KMT did not have, either politically or militarily any advantage during the Anti-Japanese War. In order to exclude other political force, develop its own force and strengthen its one-party dictatorship, the KMT's policies of the Cult and Gangs had overt twofold characters. On the one hand, it connived and took advantage of the Cult and Gangs at the enemy-occupied areas and the base areas led by the CCP, on the other hand, it suppressed the Cults and Gangs at the areas governed by itself. Because of their violation against the anti-Japanese interests of the Chinese people and the KMT's own corruption, the policies about the Cults and Gangs did not fulfill the purpose. (Chapter V)The Japanese Invaders were unable to bring the Shandong situation under their control owing to the shortage of armed forces though they occupied Shandong within a short time. In order to use men of Shandong for controlling Shandong province, the Japanese Invaders adopted a policy of manipulating and utilizing the Cults and Gangs. Some reactionary cults and gangs were ready to collude with them, and the Chinese cause of opposing the Japanese Invaders was severely damaged. (Chapter V)It is proved in my dissertation that the Cults and Gangs are distinctly backward, devastating and feudal. They are very likely colluded with reactionary forces, on the other hand, they can be united and won over by progressive forces. In addition, the deep historical enlightenment is also drew from my dissertation. (Conclusion)...