Gong'an

Gongan School , having the bigest influence in late-Ming ,is the research objective of this thesis. This thesis consists of six chapters.In the first chapter, the writer discusses the socity and culture background. It is the basement of the thesis. The chapter discusses the influence of the politics and mental philosopphy trends to scholar's spirit in WanLi, then examines the literary world before Gongan School's rising.The second and the third chapter discuss the Gongan School. The second chapter makes an inquiry into the Gongan School's prospering and declining. These are closely related to personality liberation trends affected by late-Ming mental philosopphy and deep meditation. Firstly, the Gongan School's prospering concerns with Li Zhi's effect to Yuan brothers of Gongan, who was the delegate of heterodoxy.Secondly, the writer discusses the shaping of scholar group of the Gongan School's from the changing of offical thought and style of writing. After people offered sacrifices to Kongzi and Wang Yangming in the twelfth year of WangLi, mental philosopphy was recongnized. The eight-part essay changed in the fourteenth,seventeenth,twentith year of WangLi. The major members of Gongan School were schoalrs .Yuan Zongdao , Tao Wangling and Huang Hui were cabinet.Lastly , Wu and Yue's culture should be noticed, which promoted Yuan Hongdao's mind.The Gongan School's prospering was promoted mainly by external factor, and its declining came from internal factor. Their introspection to academic thought caused their retreating. This part discusses Yuan Hongdao's idea changing from four aspects. Yuan Hongdao's living as a hermit was the internal factor of the Gongan School's declining.Secondly, it is the external attack, mainly from ruler. This part concernes Pu Tao club . The activity of Pu Tao club consisted two stages. In the formal stage, "Yuan brothers of Gongan" were delegates. In the later stage , the deputy was Huang Hui. Pu Tao club existed by giving lectures,having different academic tendency in different stages. Yuan brothers of Gongan stressed Jing Tu, and Huang Hui approached arrogant dhyana. It was Yuan brothers of Gongan's activity that suffered ruler's attact and caused Pu Tao club's falling apartThe third chapter discrides the members of the Gongan School's and their characters and their activity. It graspes exteral situation of the Gongan School.The forth and the fifth chapters discusses the Gongan School's members. The forth chapter mainly discusses Yuan brothers of Gongan's life ,mind and literary creation, especially analyses their mind's changing and literary ideas and creation style. Their literary ideas made up the Gongan School's literary theory,and formed Yuan brothers of Gongan's different position. Yuan Zongdao was beginer, Yuan Hongdao was leader, and Yuan Zhongdao was reviser.The fifth chapter discusseds Jiang Yingke and Tao Wangling,who were the Gongan School's main members. Popularization was a peculiarity of the Gongan School's creation. Jiang Yingke did the best in popularization. Tao Wangling's literary ideas was distinctive.