| Xinjiang stands on the side of northwest in our country and locates in the central of Asia. It has a very large area. The strategy situation is very important. Zongtang-zuo who was the main minister recovered Xinjiang in Manchu dynasty. When he reviewed the history of northwest from Qianlong period, he pointed out that "We pay attention to Xinjiang in order to protect Mongolia, Protecting Mongolia is to defend the capital. All the northwest is connecting to each other and the condition is completed, that will not be vulnerable in our country. If Xinjiang does not stabilize, Mongolia will lose firmness. Not only will the area of Shanxi, Gansu, Shanxi and Mogolia face to the dangerous sometimes, but also the other main important area of north of China will lose calm too." Those shows that Xinjiang is not only influence the boundary strategy but also make a great important to the whole national stability. It is very important to enhance governance of Xinjiang. From Han dynasty constructed the Western-region General mansion to Tang dynasty constructed Anxi and Beiting General mansion, the governance to Xinjiang was always changing constantly according to the background proper in all of dynasty. After unifying Xinjiang, Manchu dynasty established General governance system to govern Xinjiang on the foundation of early Manchu dynasty. This governance system did very important use on governing Xinjiang in the early Manchu dynasty. But after the Opium War, Manchu dynasty faced with serous crisis. The internal revolt and foreign invasion happened closely upon heels, since then the General governance system bad irregularity exposed increasingly. Especially after the invasion of Yakoob and Russia, the governance organization in Xinjiang was almost exhausted. This urged the Manchu dynasty government to reconsider the system problem of governance to Xinjiang. Manchu dynasty government decided to established province system governance under the Zongtang-zuo, Jingtang-liu and the other persons` advice in 1884. So that realized Xinjiang unifying with other internal provinces in administration governance system. This kind of governance system had been continued till Manchu dynasty fell off power. The governance to Xinjiang of Late Manchu dynasty (1840~1911) experienced a difficult way. About this topic, the people of the past mostly concentrated in General governance system or Xinjiang province governance system. The comprehensive governance to Xinjiang research in Late Manchu dynasty, especially the governance system of Xinjiang seemed to be not enough.This thesis regards time as in proper order. The research points will be put on the province system establishment and the way of administration governance in Late Manchu dynasty. The whole text is divided into five parts:Part one: "Manchu dynasty faced the crisis and challenge in Xinjiang after the Opium War". It will do from describing the budget is insufficient, officials` corruption, rebellion like rising winds and surging clouds, and foreign invasion in Late Manchu dynasty. I want to express that Manchu dynasty met a lot of difficulties and problems. It showed that the old governance system of Manchu dynasty had difficulties according to the new condition. it had to be replaced by new governance system.Part two: "The establishment of province system in Xinjiang". I start from the government of Manchu dynasty decided to recover Xinjiang after the rebellion and invasion. It will be divided into three aspects that are recovering Xinjiang, preparation establishment, and province system proposition. It will discuss the background of establishment of Xinjiang province system governance, the transition governance organization---"preparation office", the different project and the establishment province system.Part three: "The governance to Xinjiang after the province system was established". This part is the most important part. After the province system governance was established, it faced the question that how to change governance work from Genearal governance...
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