History Research On Thought And Practice Of Enterprise System In The Late Qing Dynasty

The evolution of thought and practice of enterprise in the late Qing Dynasty has presented a tremendous improvement. It has reflected the profound social transformation in the modern China from a side aspect. The development of thought of enterprise system in the late Qing Dynasty has decided the range and degree of the renovation of enterprise system and the suitable level of the social transformation, which has a direct influence on the social economic progress.Firstly, this paper illustrates the fundamental connotations of enterprise, enterprise system and the ideology of enterprise system, reviews the research situation of enterprise system in the late Qing Dynasty, points out the academic significance and pragmatic value in this chosen subject, briefly states the basic ideas and the frame of content of the paper.Secondly, this paper describes the economic atmosphere and the evolution of enterprise system in the late Qing Dynasty, analyzes the several factors that affect the selection and renovation of enterprise system in the traditional heritage of economic thought. It discusses the systematic characteristics and the exemplary effect of new-born western enterprises in the trading ports, the comprador merchants get familiar with the enterprise organization by their stock investment activities and accumulate the management experience. It analyzes some expression of the marking economic views in the late Qing Dynasty, and the interconnection among the thought of enterprise system and the marking economic views in the late Qing Dynasty. This paper divides the development of thought of enterprise system in the late Qing Dynasty into three periods, respectively narrates the thought and advocacy and the evolutional tendency of enterprise system in the beginning period, the developing period and advancing period.Thirdly, this paper analyzes the specific contents of thought and practice of enterprise system in the late Qing Dynasty. It concretely discusses the establishment of enterprise and the collection of funds, administration and monitoring of enterprise, property system of enterprise, allotment system of enterprise, management system ofenterprise, development of stock system and securities marketing in the late Qing Dynasty, and so on.Enterprises in the late Qing Dynasty experienced the evolutional course that enterprises should be established only after having obtained the preferential permission from the governmental officers and the relevant departments, gradually turned into that enterprises should be established according to the rules of the relevant laws and regulations. Consequently, there were three methods establishing an enterprise in the late Qing dynasty, namely the government guiding and investing model, the government guiding and collecting stocks model, the private collecting stocking model. Accordingly, the principle of establishing enterprise changed from the preferential permission to the law-abiding. Surrounding the fund collection of establishing new enterprise, the elite in the late Qing Dynasty posed out many means such as issuing stocks publicly, circulating the government bonds, establishing banks, encouraging the individual saving, borrowing foreign loans, recruiting foreign stocks and so on.During the period of westernization movement, the government monitored and privately invested stock-enterprises showed a strong color of official interference in the management and monitoring activities. The stockholders' right belonged to the government' administration right because the government based its political and economic power directly interfered the enterprises' business activities by appointing the official managers to the enterprises. The way of managing enterprises weakened the stockholders' right. That's to say, the stockholders can't perform effectively their poverty right. By the end of the Qing Dynasty, people had a further recognition about the lawful nature of corporation enterprises and required that corporation enterprises should regulate the inner operation th...