Research On The Coupling Development Of Rail Transit And Urban Space Based On Time-Space Perspective

The relationship between urban transport network and urban spatial structure is an unfailing problem in transport economics and regional economic research. The multi-level structure of urban transport structure and the diversity of urban pattern indicate that there are a variety of different paths and mode for transport development and urban space evolution. But in this process, the expansion of urban space and the development of transport networks are not always coordinated, and the urban traffic problem has become a common phenomenon in urban growth which reduced the efficiency of resource allocation. Since the19th century, the emergence and boom of urban rail transport to let people see the opportunity and direction of the coordinated development of urban space and the transportation network in the context of mega-cities. How to make good use of rail transit to adjust and optimize the structure of urban space has become an important topic in metropolitan spatial planning.Time and space are the two basic dimensions of the physical movement of matter. It will be helpful to analysis the nature of urban traffic problem from the perspective of time-space relationship. In the development history of Economics, many economists have tried to introduce the space dimension and time resource into the basic framework of economics to bring it closer to real-world activity. Due to the specific characteristics of transportation, the development of transport economics has provide a platform for analysis the temporal and spatial economics issues in one framework. On this basis, the study of issues related to urban transport and urban space could be continued in depth.This dissertation studied the evolution mechanism of urban transport network and urban spatial structure from the time-space perspective. It took the urban rail transit as a main research object, and established a theoretical framework to analyze the time-space characteristics of transport demand and supply based on transporteconomic theory, transportation location theory and urban economics theory. And it further studied the impact of rail transit network on the allocation mechanism and efficiency of urban time-space resources. In summary, the main contents and conclusions of the dissertation were consisted of the following aspects.First, through the reviewing of previous studies and resorting related literatures, it was found that due to the lack the complex urban transport network, there are some deficits of the classical location theory when using it to explain the new features of mode urban spatial system. As for the relationship between rail transit and urban spatial structure, especially in the form level, there is still little systematic research. The dissertation further found that it will be helpful to analysis the evolution of transport network and spatial structure by introducing the time-space characteristics of transport demand and supply into the original spatial analysis framework.The research further pointed out that the primiary cause of the urban traffic problem was the dismatch of time-space characteristics of transport demand and supply caused by the disharmony time-space relationship of urban society and economics.Second, using transport economics, transportation location theory and urban economics, the dissertation established an analytical framework of transport network and urban spatial structure based on time-space relationship and time-space structure. Through introducing reliability and time resource in the analysis of time-space characteristics of transport demand, it further studied the location choice and travel behavior logic. And by introducing the transportation location into the analysis of transport network, it further studied the basic mechanism and process of the evolution of urban transport and spatial structure.Third, based on the technical economic characteristics and industrial economic characteristics, the dissertation further studied the time-space economic feature and time-space structure of urban rail transit. It was found that the space monopoly, time-space scale economy and time tunnel effect of rail transit formed reliable, low-cost and compact time-space structure. These time-space characteristics promote the aggregation of urban space and time resources to the rail network locations, improve the space-time conversion efficiency and reduce the time and space conversion cost, encourage the flow and allocation of urban resources in a large space, and there by optimize the configuration of urban space-time resources and allocation efficiency.Fourth, the dissertation established a spatial coupling development framework of rail transit and urban form based on the analysis of the space-time characteristics of rail transit and urban time-space relationship. It analyzed the three level of spatial coupling development from the perspective of physical space, organization and service, and institutional factor. And it also evaluated the intensity of coupling development from flow, connectivity and interface design.Fifth, the dissertation reviewed the evolution process of urban transport network and spatial structure of New York, to verify applicability of the theoretical framework, and further point out that there exists competition and alternation of transport networks as the change of time-space relationship. It also analyze the development experience of Tokyo rail transit network and urban form, to verify the mechanism and process of coupling development theory, and further discussed the internal link between the space coupling d and joint development.Finally, the dissertation conducted an applied research on Beijing's transport network and spatial structure in the context of rapid urbanization. Based on the history of Beijing's urban traffic and spatial features, it was found that the rapid growth of rail transit network in such a short period is an important opportunity to adjust and optimize the Beijing urban spatial structure. Further develop direction and policy suggestions are presented to promote the coupling development of the urban form and rail transit of Beijing.