The Research Of Development And Evolution Of Beijing Traditional Public Gardens

As an ancient city, Beijing was the capital in Liao, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, which had more than 3000 years history being a city and 800 years being a capital, and there had been numerous research about Beijing gardens, especially in imperial gardens, private gardens and temples, those once to be the mainstream. Public gardens were another type of Chinese classical gardens. However the special research about Beijing public gardens had not formed relatively systematic and detailed theory monographs. In the history, gardens with the function of public tour had appeared in and outside Beijing city for people to visit. And these public gardens with beautiful scenery and deep humanistic connotation constituted important historical and cultural heritage of Beijing together, which not only played an important role in improving urban environment, but also had inestimable value in construction of city public gardens in future, inheritance of Beijing culture and spirit, as well as shaping urban public space and promoting citizens'culture life.Therefore, this paper researched in time sequence, systematically straightened out the development of Beijing public gardens in different historical period, combining theories with the realities, on the basis of historical documents and previous research results comparative analysis, the author investigated the areas used to be Beijing's public gardens in history on the site, and taking history as a mirror, discussed the future development trend of Beijing public gardens.The research content of this paper the can be divided into three parts:first of all, basic research. The author reviewed the development of public gardens at home and abroad, and the development path of Chinese public gardens of the ancient history was straightened out as the key.The second part is systematic research. On the background of natural and social environment in which Beijing public gardens were generated, the development of Beijing public gardens in different historical stages was concluded in accordance with the time clues. According to the formation characteristics of Beijing public gardens, the author investigated public gardens in and outside Beijing city, as well as suburban and outer suburbs. Shicha Lake area was analyzed as an important example, which is the biggest public garden of Beijing inner city. From the relationship between historical evolution of Shicha lake area and the site changes of the city in different dynasties, the characteristic of Shicha lake historic public garden was summed up, such as the picturesque natural scenery, the best view perspective, precious historical heritage, traditional alleyways pattern, numerous mansions and temples, as well as rich folk lives. But the analysis of public gardens containing Paozi river in southeast of inner city and Taiping lake in southwest, which were formed of city moat, was mainly made from two aspects——draining function and scenery view. Furthermore, the author investigated public gardens including pool sites of outer city, lake and water system of suburban, as well as famous mountains and temples of outer suburbs. From above analysis, the conclusion was developed that the space characteristic of Beijing public gardens was consisted of landscape space, human space and garden art space. From the perspective of garden's publicity to analyze Beijing gardens'public process, under the influence of "Park Opening movement", Beijing imperial gardens, altars gardens, mansion gardens and temples in history turned from "private" to "public" one after another, gradually made the absolute monarchial became public, and the feudal culture became modern civilization. Summarizing the historical experience, we can see that public gardens have been main stream of times. Therefore, the study of Beijing public gardens'development and evolution had more time significance and value.The third part is to summarize. The author illustrated the influence of the evolution of the Beijing public parks to urban public space and social life, and explored the future development trend of Beijing public parks. Requirements of public parks construction were proposed from the point of view of social life, which shows that the construction of public parks can improve the urban ecological environment and the quality of life in the city. With the development of city, open public garden areas with tour function in the early times will show important significance and guidance function to today's urban pattern and urban open space construction and development. On one hand, which is useful to the construction of urban open space and rich city life; On the other hand, we should strengthen management and construction at the same time of sufficient protection and utilization of the ancient historical heritage.