Research On The Development And Evolution Of Guangdong Modern (1849-2000) Public Gardens

Since the Qin and Han Dynasty, Guangdong is the important center of politics, economy and culture in South China all the time, which has a long coastline, harbors and many rivers. With its special location by the sea and open cultural environment characteristics, to "fashion" and "pioneering", Guangdong takes the lead in communication, contaction, integration and development with western culture, occupying the extremely important status in the Chinese Modern History (1840-2000). Under the background of Landscape and cultural globalization, city individuality and regional history are getting more and more important, and the development of urban public gardens landscape construction has become one of the core competitiveness; as the outgoing, open, inclusive landscape space, public gardens have beautiful natural scenery and profound cultural connotation, which contain a certain period of time, geographical and cultural characteristics, to improve the city’s ecological, social and economic benefits.This paper is based on the modern history of China as the key link, through visits to research, photographs and mapping analysis and other methods, combing the system of Guangdong Public Gardens development in different periods on the foundation of previous research results and combined historical documents. From the natural environment, social environment, historical environment and development & integration environment to explore the causes of the formation of public gardens, public nature and the characteristics of the times, summarizing, concluding, analysing the basic model and design techniques of the development and evolution of public gardens from the relationship between "the development of the city-public gardens" and "public gardens-people’s life", having an extraordinary value to inherit the regional cultural spirit and to build landscape architecture constructions and urban public space in the future, including to improve the cultural life of the people.This paper includes three parts:The first part, basic research. By reviewing the development course of Guangdong ancient public gardens first, then combined with related foreign thought of public gardens before modern age. With a comprehensive view of history, finding out the reason of development direction and influence of the public gardens in the West and China from nature, society, economy, culture, art and other various aspects. Focus on the formation environment of morden Guangdong public gardens in modern age.The second part, systematic study. According to the characteristics of Guangdong public Gardens generation and evolution, investigating the public gardens are located innorthern Guangdong, eastern Guangdong, western Guangdong and central Guangdong respectively, which focuses on the development of central Guangdong in the area of public gardens, and to conclude the development situation of Guangdong public gardens in different stages by time line. Summarizing the evolvement and development of each period’s characteristics and root causes of the Guangdong public gardens, and to understand the historical transformation from various types of other gardens; and to host different kinds of Guangdong public gardens as the object of transverse comparative analysis of the spatial characteristics and cultural connotation in different times. Summing up historical experience by analysis the public garden development evolution of urban public space and social life, and to understand the history of all kinds of landscape transformation. Then explaining public gardens development has become the mainstream of the times, not only inheriting the historical landscape, but also linking the contemporary. So the discussion of its development and evolution has more practical value and significance.The third part, summary. Discussion on the status of public gardens in urban planning. Putting forward the advice from the point of view of urban development of inheritance and innovation. On the one hand that public garden construction improves the urban ecological environment, enhances the quality of urban life and regional history and create a cultural landscape heritage, on the other hand that the historical remains of public gardens should be fully protected and using, in the mean time, we should strengthen the management and maintenance.