Study Of The Countermeasure And Effection Of Agriculture Development To Water Resource Utilize In Tarim River Basin

Common goods means that the goods is without the characteristic of competitive and exclusive in the consumption.It is called "quasi-common goods",When they have greater external influence. Water resources, wasteland and ecological environment in Tarim River Basin can be classified as quasi-common goods or common goods. The water resources and waste land can not be completely exclusive in the use of property and the initial distribution, so they maybe easy to form "tragedy of the commons." Garrettâ– Harding (G. Hardin)'s "tragedy of the commons" shows it is easily lead to widespread abuse of resources and the "free rider" phenomenon by the environmental resources consumers.Tarim Basin is the largest inland river in china, in this river, there are dry climate, low rainfall, strong evaporation, weak ecological environment. Historically, the Tarim River has plenty of water, the river is a restless, a wandering river, the river almost contact and intersect with all the major rivers in the region, and many years of uncontrolled agricultural development and water reclamation activities, resulting in many river basins drying up, many lakes have dried up. Sustainable and intensive agricultural development activities have an external impact on the allocation and utilization of water resources. First, agricultural development lead to increase water consumption of the headstreams, reducing the water of the the main stream area, and a large number of lakes have be dried up, rivers drying up; Second, influencing the allocation of the water resource on the middle and lower reaches, water consumption and water ratio of the upper river continues to grow, the middle section have higher water consumption and decreased water ratio year by year, water consumption and water ratio of the downstream section dropped; Third, large proportion of water by the agricultural development were consumed,and it caused ecological water shortagly, and ecological water shortage in main stream demand rate of 39%; Fourth, agricultural development also resulted in disasters, deterioration of water environment, decline of natural vegetation and desertification and other ecological effects.This study suggests that:agricultural development lead to the imbalance of the allocation and utilization of water resources and environmental degradation. There are three reasons:First, Indistinct property right of the common goods and the lack of the market mechanism lead to the failure of river management. Since the property rights of lands and water resources are unclear, as well as supervision and management of property rights is not in place which lead to "tragedy of the commons", and thus lead to "public water tragedy", eventually lead to "tragic chain of soil and water resources." Second, the division management of the watershed and regional, regional and section pulsing "Kowloon flood control" leads to " shut off water with broadsword will not flowly." The Tarim River basin, autonomous regions and different administrative jurisdictions Corps and Bureau of Agriculture, Land Bureau, Water Conservancy Bureau, Forestry Bureau and other departments to separately manage the public lands and water resources, they manage a section of the river separately, resulting in " shut off water with broadsword will not flow "; Third, the missing of "ecological and economic man" and gambling lead to behavior externality. "Economic man" attribute to the different stakeholders playing the game between cultivating blindly and diversion disorderly for the benefit, and the behavior lack of "ecological and economic man" lead to the watershed management to be out of order.To further understand the behavior of farmers' choice, this study selected 10 counties(Akqi County, and large counties, Luopu Xian, Yanji County, Awat County, Bachu County, Ruoqiang County, New River County, Moyu County, Shache County) of" four headstreams and mainstream " in the Tarim River and two farms(Nongyi Shi five groups, Nong Yishi six groups) of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps where we had a questionnaire. we distributed 750 questionnaires and returned 654 questionnaires,the ratio is 87.2%. In the respondents, there are 60% ethnic Han, Uygur and Kirgiz are about 20% each. After investigation and analysis, the behavior selecting of households further proved the continued presence of external effects of agricultural development,and mainly attributed to the division magement to the watershed; It also proved the farmers have the sense of "economic man", and lack the rationality of "ecological and economic man". If the farmers' basic survival and life problem are not resolved, the external behavior of agricultural development is also difficult to eliminate.According to the existing management system and mechanism problem and Survey empirical research, this study proposed the watershed management and measures of water resources development under the constraint of water resources:One is to strengthen the unified coordination management of watershed management. To establish the developing strategy of water basin as the core of water, and strengthen the "Based on water set to field land", Forbid the optional cultivated and form management system of the field land and water resource basic in the whole basin, arrange every subject of water users of the river, promote the coordination between Corps with local, improve the condition of strong regional management and weak watershed management. Second, strengthen the property management of water resources. Make clear the rights of the public water and land resources, also make clear of ecological property rights, establish an independent and impartial water rights trading market, strengthen supervision and management of public resources, transfer orderly and implement the proprietary interest. Third, establish the market regulation mechanisms of agricultural development and water share, shape the "ecological economic man" behavior of basin. establish a scientific water pricing system and farmer water associations, also establish a rational mechanism of lands and water resources and ecological compensation, form a market adjustment mechanism of agricultural development and water use behavior. Fourth, Promote to the agricultural development and social progress of the basin. Vigorously promote the development of water-saving agriculture, develop the modern ecological agriculture, strengthen land protection and control, securely control the population growth of basin, adjust the agricultural economic structure, change the mode of economic development, promote coordinated development among population, economy, resources, and ecological development, promote the sustainable development of the river basin.