| The Tarim River is the ’life river’ and ’mother river’ of the people in southern Xinjiang.The river basin has too many water systems,complex water use structure,and extremely uneven annual water inflow,resulting in unbalanced production-ecological water use in the basin and low water use efficiency.In order to scientifically develop and utilize the water resources in the Tarim River Basin,adjust the water allocation in the source and main stream areas of the Tarim River,optimize the ’production-living-ecological space’ pattern in the basin,and alleviate the contradiction between social production and ecological water use,this paper takes the’three sources and one main stream’ basin of the Tarim River(Aksu River,Yarkant River,Hotan River,and the main stream of the Tarim River)as the research object.Based on the water discharge target in the source area of the basin and the construction and layout of key water conservancy projects,two planning objectives are set up to meet the first-stage planning and optimization planning,and the operation-allocation simulation and optimization of reservoir group in the ’three sources and one main stream’ basin of the Tarim River are carried out.The response law of the construction and operation of reservoirs in mountainous areas,the implementation of agricultural water-saving irrigation technology,and the change of water discharge from source flow to water supply in the basin are analyzed.The tradeoffs of agricultural irrigation water supply and ecological water supply outside the river are revealed.The maximum irrigation water amount in the basin is excavated,and a reasonable water resources allocation scheme is formulated.The feasibility of replacing the main-stream plain reservoir with the source-area mountain reservoir is demonstrated,and a suitable alternative scheme is recommended.The research results have scientific guiding significance for alleviating the contradiction of water supply in the basin,especially the contradiction between production and ecological water use.It has important practical significance and application value for demonstrating the scientific scheme of replacing the main stream plain reservoir with mountain reservoir and improving the utilization efficiency of water resources in desert inland river basin.The research results obtained in this paper are as follows:(1)On the basis of meeting the first-stage planning objective of the Tarim River,the water supply guarantee rate of agricultural irrigation in the source area is difficult to meet the design requirements only through the construction of mountain reservoirs and the implementation of agricultural water-saving irrigation.(2)Compared with the simulated operation and allocation of reservoir group,the optimal operation and allocation significantly reduces the loss of water and the discharge of Daxihaizi,and increases the water supply of both agricultural irrigation and outside-river ecology.Consequently,by controlling the invalid evaporation loss of the downstream Taitema Lake,the utilization efficiency of water resources in the basin is improved.Based on the layout adjustment of major projects,the water-supply guarantee rate of each water-using department has been significantly improved in the long-term planning level year of 2035.The water shortage of agricultural irrigation and outside-river ecology,the water loss of the basin,and the ineffective discharge of water have been reduced.Moreover,the contradiction between agricultural irrigation water and ecological water has been alleviated,which reflects the significant regulation performance of the mountain reservoir group and the rationality and reliability of the water control policy of’water saving priority’.(3)The tradeoffs of the water supplies between agricultural irrigation and outside-river ecology are revealed,and the water resources allocation scheme with the largest irrigation water supply in the basin is formulated,which provides data support for guiding the basin to formulate scientific and reasonable water intake scheme and realize the sustainable development of economy and ecology in the basin.(4)Compared with the allocation results that meet the first-stage planning objective of the Tarim River,optimizing the planning objectives can significantly increase the agricultural irrigation water supply in the source area,reduce the water discharge from Daxihaizi and the water loss in the basin,greatly alleviate the contradiction between water use in the source area and the main stream area and between agricultural irrigation water and ecological water,which reflects the limitations of the Tarim River Basin planning and the advancement of the optimization planning objectives.At the same time,without considering the loss of water,the new increment of agricultural irrigation and water supply in each region under the optimal planning objective is calculated,and the corresponding refarming and expansion scale of the basin are analyzed.Among them,the refarming and expansion scale of the recent planning level in 2025 is 761.92 million mu,and the refarming and expansion scale of the long-term planning level in 2035 is 852.11 million mu,which provides data reference for the next step of agricultural refarming and BTNJ plan in the basin.(5)The scheme of replacing the mainstream plain reservoir with the mountain reservoir in the source area was formulated.Among them,the alternative scheme to meet the first-stage planning objective scenario of the Tarim River is to reduce the effective storage capacity of the Jieranlike,Dazhai,Qiman,and Paman reservoirs by 87%,and the storage capacity of Kaerquga and Tarim reservoirs is completely replaced.The alternative scheme to optimize the planning objective scenario is to reduce the effective storage capacity of the Jieranlike,Dazhai,and Qiman reservoirs by 35%and the effective storage capacity of the Paman reservoirs by 95%,and the storage capacity of Karquga and Tarim reservoirs are completely replaced.The water resources allocation scheme before and after the replacement of plain reservoir group is optimized,which provides scientific basis and technical support for the adjustment and control strategy of major water conservancy projects in southern Xinjiang. |
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