| As the largest developing country, China, with its rapid economic growth, is also facing with huge population, natural resource shortages and adverse environmental challenges. In the existing economic structure, the contradictions between economic growth rate and the limited resources, over resource consumption and environmental destruction and sustainable development are increasingly able to highlight. To seek to resolve conflicts and achieve truly sustainable development, our country proposed the strategy of building a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society, and Wuhan City Circle and the Changzhutan City group as pilot areas, firstly began the exploration of building a resource-conserving and environment-friendly society in the country.Since the industrial revolution, especially after World Warâ…¡, with the rapid development of the world economy, to achieve modernization becomes the theme of national development. But when the contradiction between the speed and efficiency of economic development and environmental protection and natural resources draw attention, in the 1980s, the proposition of ecological modernization arguments immediately drew the world's attention. Ecological modernization has become an important direction of modern study.The current research on ecological modernization is just at the beginning, mostly targeted to European countries, with few research into domestic China, and is still difficult to answer what ecological modernization really means, what the current level of ecological modernization of the typical areas are, how to improve ecological modernization level.This paper aims to promote the "Two-oriented society" construction as the background and theme for the study of ecological modernization, based on literature review, combining theoretical analysis and empirical research methods, through expert interviews, data analysis, the systematic expansion ecological modernization "what, how, how to build" issues such as study of the "Two-oriented society" in the context of ecological modernization theory and content dimensions, evaluation index system, routing and policy proposals, and Hunan 2000-2008 and the six central provinces in 2008 statistics, the empirical analysis and comparison, the Changzhutan City group under the" Two-oriented society," the ecological context of modernization of the typical practice case studies. Through the above research, this paper mainly discovered the following conclusions:(1) Ecological modernization is the integration of three dimensions, i.e., economic, social and environmental modernizationEcological modernization is an important area of modernization, modernization and the natural environment is a mutually beneficial interaction, awareness of modern ecology and the environment caused by the modernization of a traditional ecological transformation. The core of ecological modernization is based on ecological principles, the "eco" and "modern" combine economic and social development and natural environment of the win. Reference Quaddus (2001) Three objectives of sustainable development (economic, social, environmental) model, this paper decomposes the ecological modernization concept into economic ecological modernization, social ecological modernization, environmental ecological modernization.Ecological modernization is first expressed as economic modernization. Modernization is not a doctrine of poverty, it must reach the level of modernization of the economy, to meet people's growing material needs.Social subsystem is an important guarantee of ecological modernization, the ultimate goal of ecological modernization is to improve the quality of life of the population, to achieve full and free human society, sustainable development. The quality of the social system of economic and environmental systems, the key to achieving coordinated development and rational policy, system, good social ethics, history and culture sediment, stable social environment factor is an important guarantee for achieving sustainable development.Ecosystems, natural resources and energy are the economic and social systems upon which human survival. Closely related to ecosystems and human life can bring comfort to human survival and living space, also because of the economic and social development of the over-exploitation of environmental degradation and threats to the human environment. Environment has restricted the key to sustainable development, ecological environment is a measure of the merits of an important indicator of the level of ecological modernization to achieve efficient use of energy resources and ecological environment comprehensive improvement of ecological modernization has an important supporting role.(2) An evaluation index system of ecological modernization is proposed and applied to typical regions in ChinaBased on the major existing evaluation system and its limitations compared to the characteristics and composition of the regional system of ecological modernization of the content, the reference current evaluation system, consulting experts and scholars in related fields, the use of analytic hierarchy process, from the target layer, rule layer, elements of the field layer and layer set the evaluation index system of four levels. In this study, the target level evaluation index system of ecological modernization, ecological modernization criterion level, with economic, social and environmental ecological modernization and the 13 domain layers, i.e., economic gross, economic efficiency, income levels, urban construction, housing, health care, technology, education, carbon sequestration, energy consumption, water condition, atmospheric condition and, solid waste. The element layer contains per capita GDP and other 27 specific indicators.According to Saaty (1980), this paper uses AHP method with software Expert Choice 2000 decision analysis to determine the weights of various elements. This reference to national standards or international standards, national EPA to develop eco-county, city, provincial building standards index value of research at home and abroad set the standard index value set specific targets, the level of ecological modernization is proposed target layer, rule layer, the domain layer and the element layer is calculated.In this paper, the evaluation model constructed is applied to Hunan province from 2000 to 2008 and the six central provinces in 2008 to evaluate the level of ecological modernization. The results showed that the level of ecological modernization in Hunan gradually increase, especially in the end of 2007 with the approved of "two-oriented society". Since 2008, the level of ecological modernization in Hunan has been significantly improved. The compare of the level of ecological modernization six central provinces in 2008 shows, Hubei ranks the first, Jiangxi the second, Hunan the third, Henan fourth, Anhui the fifth, Shanxi the last.(3) With systematic research, this paper argues China should choose the comprehensive ecological modernization path and proposes specific paths with the economic, social and environmental dimensionsEcological modernization is path dependence. According to the path choice theory, there is no standard or best path of ecological modernization, only the right choice. Suitable path selection, is well received by regional development levels, but also by geographical conditions and the external environment and other objective factors, but also by institutions and preferences.With international experience and the typical case of the Germany and the Netherland, according to various aspects of our reality, we should seek a new economic and environmental win-win path, namely, integrated ecological modernization path. Integrated ecological modernization is a comprehensive modernization and ecology. It requires a reasonable deal with the relationship between economic development and environmental protection; to maintain economic development, promote the transformation of modern ecology, promote green industrialization, urbanization and the structure of eco-green, reduce agricultural pollution and ecological destruction, economic growth and decoupling of environmental degradation; gradually catch up with world's advanced level of ecological modernization.On the specific developmental path, in the aspect of economic ecological modernization, this study proposes to develop low-carbon economy, and promoting the two-oriented industry, building green corporate management system. In the aspect of social ecological modernization, the paper proposes promoting the new urbanization construction, shifting into ecological technological innovation, innovating administrative systems and mechanisms, and the formation of low-carbon consumption patterns. In the aspect of environmental ecological modernization, the author proposes to enrich the carbon sink resources and to enhance energy conservation. To each specific path, based on reality and theory, the essay systematically analyzed the practical ways and methods. |
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