Study On The Evolution Of Shanghai City Innovation Ecosystem

Innovation ecosystem is a concept system formed by measuring innovation system from the view of the concept of ecology, the essence of which is the ecological metaphor of innovative system. The emerge and rise of it is ruled by the evolution of innovative mode and also the natural choice of global innovative practice. In recent years, the academic and practice circle are very keen on the research of innovation ecosystem, but the study of city or regional innovation ecosystem from the perspective of evolution is still a academic field far from to be developed. Under this circumstance, this essay is aimed to reveal the features, elements, structure and function of innovation ecosystem, as well as the general mode and dynamic mechanism of its development. This essay creates the ERF model of innovation ecosystem in reference of the analytical logic of evolution economic geography. It takes the example of Shanghai City innovation ecosystem to discuss the concrete route and mode of its development from the tiers of form elements (species)、 international relation(innovative internet)、systemic function(innovative function). In the meanwhile, this essay takes comprehensive measurement of the development by creating the the evaluation system for the evolution maturity of innovation ecosystem. In the last, it makes some suggestions for promoting the sound development of Shanghai innovation ecosystem from the perspective of government public management. The main contents of the essay are as follows:First of all, this essay starts from the background of innovation ecosystem and the current research situation home and abroad, then it explains the basic concepts、 main points、development and the analysis frame of ecosystem, evolution economic geography, self-organizing theory and complex adaptive system. Based on this, it elaborates the basic ideas, main types, basic features as well as the form elements, structure mode and main functions through the comparison between innovation system and innovation ecosystem. The innovation ecosystem refers to a function complex with a certain size and particular structure as well as an open complex adaptive system in a certain space-time spectrum formed by the interaction of innovative subjects and innovative environment through complex knowledge^ technology and culture. The innovation ecosystem generally includes the corporation innovation ecosystem from the micro perspective, the industry innovation ecosystem and the city innovation ecosystem from the medium perspective as well as the national innovation ecosystem from the macro perspective. All the types of innovation ecosystem possess the ecology feature, systemic feature, regional feature and evolution feature and comprised by subject elements (colleges、corporations research institutes and other innovative agencies), initiative elements(mainly refers to talents), service elements(all types of service institutes and organizations) and environment elements(economy、politics、social culture、natural environment, etc). And all the types possess the functions of knowledge production、knowledge application knowledge spread、development drive and culture lead.Secondly, analyzing and combing the basic rules of the innovation ecosystem evolution, based on the essential factor of "evolution".As a typical complex adaptive system, the evolution of innovation ecosystem is irreversible, collaborative, path dependent and periodical. Generally,it can be divided intofour stages:the formation stage, the growth stage, the maturation stage and the decline or regeneration stage.The process and the path of the evolution are usually simultaneously affected by six classes of factors and four types of power. The six classesof factors are:I,factors of their own evolution for innovation organizations (universities, colleges, research institutes and intermediary service institutions, etc.); Ⅱ, factors of technological advancement; Ⅲ, economic and social factors; Ⅳ, factors of the innovation policy and system; Ⅴ, factors of innovative culture environment; Ⅵ, natural ecological environment factors. Four dynamic mechanism are:Ⅰ, technology, that is the progress of science and technology for innovation main body development and the whole ecosystem evolution driven; Ⅱ, market, innovative product or innovation brought about by the development and change of market demand, promoting the innovation main body and the entire ecosystem development evolution in continuously adapt to market changes; Ⅲ, policy, in the formation and development of innovation ecosystem, the innovation of the government management system, incentive mechanism and support policy plays a very important and key role; Ⅳ, environment, in other words, the evolution and development of innovation ecosystem is often affected by the interference and influence of its social, economic, cultural and natural ecological environment.Thirdly, analyzing and constructing the ERF model of innovation ecosystem evolution, according to the evolution of economic geography theory logic.Evolutionary economic geographers argue that evolution analysis could be made from three dimensions, the microcosmic organization, network medium and macroscopic system. Based on this, this article constructs a set of innovation ecosystem evolution "micro elements E"-"medium contact R"-"macro function F" in the integration of 3D model (ERF model):At the micro level or element dimension, the main performance is innovation organization (innovation species) such as the evolution of the constituent elements. The evolution of diversity and the dominant species are its dual logic; In the medium level or relationship dimension, the main performance is the structure relationship formed by the innovation elements (innovation organization), namely, the change of internal innovation network. Localization and globalization are the two dimensions of the evolution; On the macro level or function dimension, the main performance is the continuous development of the whole innovation ecosystem function. Agglomeration and diffusion are the basic mechanisms of evolution. The innovation ecosystem comprehensive evaluation index system of the maturity of the evolution is designed based on ERF model, the index system consists of the "innovation elements (species) evolution index", "innovation relations (network) evolution index" and "innovation capabilities evolution index" and so on, including three primary indexes, eight secondary indexes and twenty one specific indicators.Fourthly, applying the ERF model of the innovation ecosystem evolution to empirically research the innovation ecosystem of the evolution path, pattern and maturity of Shanghai. In general, the Shanghai innovation ecosystem is in a state of high order evolution, presenting five evolution characteristics:Ⅰ, the coexistence of diversities of innovationspecies and the lack of dominant species; Ⅱ, the coexistence of the strong dominance of government and inclusive policy in short; Ⅲ, the coexistence of the liberality of innovation and the lack of independent innovation; IV,the coexistence of the lack of environmental inclusivity and the chaos of ecology dislocation; Ⅴ, the coexistence of rich innovation resources and the lack of supporting. From the view of innovation evolution, the ability to adapt in the market transition of scientific research institutes, colleges and universities and science and technology enterprisesgradually enhanced, but also with a strong government intervention "imprinting"; From the view of evolution of the innovation network, the contact between the internal network of innovation ecology system and external word is gradually strengthen, localization and globalization gradually gain balance in the game, the ability of accumulation and the use of global innovation resources ascend; From the view of innovation function evolution, technology and economy are still outstanding, the transformation of S&T achievements and research and development industry are important breakthrough to promote science and technology and economic integration.Lastly, from the perspective of public governance, the research put forward the basic thought for promoting the development of Shanghai urban innovation ecosystem evolution.Evolution and development of innovation ecosystem havetheir own rules and path, but the government is one of the most active participants in the main regional innovation ecosystem, controlling the evolution of innovation ecosystem, making it develop towards a better direction.Shanghai should cultivate the innovation ecosystem which adapts to the technology innovation center influencing theglobalscience, make it the species library, power source and the regulator of global innovation. Also should pay attention to cultivate innovation dominant species, promote tolerance, innovate the food chain.