Theoretical And Empirical Research On National Innovation Ecosystem Based On Fuzzy Evaluation Of Maturity

With the rise of mobile network technology and free flow of innovation factors, innovation ecosystem become an innovative research paradigm emerging in the situation of deeper integration of knowledge innovation and social formation. By lesson from research methods of natural ecology, innovation ecosystems focuses on the subject relation, factors flow, co-evolution and environment cultivation. Compared with the existing innovation paradigm, innovation ecosystem pays more attention to its own sustainability, as well as systemic environment built by all the subjects. It also bring about innovation evaluation changes from single economy-oriented to multi-dimensional value pursue including society, economy, ecology and culture.The theory of innovation ecosystem first appeared in the field of business management and industry research. Through to the description of enterprise’s value range and partnership, some elements for ecosystem, such as symbiosis while co-opetition, value displacement, platform strategy and self-organizing ability, were already begin to take shape at that time (Moore,1993:Iansiti & Levin.2004). After 2000, the above results enlighten innovative research of national and regional category, sci-tech decision-making department from U.S and other countries hope to find the core driving force of national innovation by rely on ecological perspective switch, and take this opportunity to enhance its international status and external competitiveness. The countries put forward a series initiatives of supporting systems development. In general, by looking into the future, innovation ecosystem research is becoming a new path of strategic thinking on national innovation, and attention is gradually paid by decision-making institutions and scholars from more countries.In China, the development of economic and social has entered a new transitional period known as "New Normal". The top government has introduced package policy moves to encourage people doing business and creatively driving innovation, thus stimulate social innovation vitality, and play a role of "double engines" for economic and employment to support the real economy. This era background above is in accord with internal needs of innovation which shown up as development of multiple subjects or perfecting co-evolution environment. Furthermore, it laid the reality urgency to encourage us finding out thinking paradigm suitable for nowadays national innovation, as well as scientific evaluation of existing resources and factors conditions.In the overall arrangement of this study, we started from the basis of explanation on national innovation ecosystem theory, regarded design and measurement of evaluation system as the core parts, and finally discussed China’s development strategy. We were trying to answer these questions below:"what is national innovation ecosystem" "how to understand national innovation ecosystem" "how to evaluate national innovation" and "what kind of innovation ecosystem China should develop" and so on.The chapters divided as follows:the first two chapters respectively expounds the research background, significance and review of related literature on concept of innovation ecosystem, national innovation, etc. In Chapter 3, we introduced innovation ecosystem into national innovation thinking, and analysis the connotation of ecosystem from the cross-border perspective of "macro-micro". By putting forward concept of "ecosystem service", this chapter explained operation mechanism of the whole ecosystem, mainly solved the questions of "what it is" and "how to understand it". The study of Chapter 4 referred system maturity as the breakthrough point of ecosystem evaluation, set up evaluation purpose and train, as well as combined and determined the evaluation model. In chapter 5-7, through the process of constructing index system, layered empowerment, data acquisition and comprehensive evaluation, we carried on a comprehensive maturity evaluation among United States, Germany and China in the year of 2012, to conclude with horizontal comparison among countries, in which answered the questions of " how to evaluate ". Chapter 8 analyzes the evaluation results, predicted the trend of China’s current innovation ecosystem development from the perspective of each innovative subjects, and offered proposals for decision thinking. We chose Suzhou’s instance of integration corporate governance on nano industry and society as a microcosm to observe China’s innovation ecosystem construction, and answered the questions of "how to develop"This study shows that:to regard national innovation as a running innovation ecosystem is the proper arrangement, which conform to innovation development trend in the current macroeconomic situation. One country should objectively recognize its own innovation infrastructure and elements conditions, especially not copying other countries’pattern, act as circumstances permit to foster the formation of innovation ecosystem. The criterion layer (including innovation environment, innovation institution, innovation resource, innovative talents and innovative market) result of evaluation model reflect the advantages and disadvantages of countries on segmentation dimensionality, is an important basis for policy making. Specific to the execution level, numerous innovative subjects, from government, scientific research institutions, colleges and universities to large enterprises, small and medium-sized entrepreneurs, technology services, need to implement factor exchange and value sharing in a outward, open posture. Their common cultivation on co-evolution environment, which based on overall interests, eventually led the national innovation ecosystem to a higher level of maturity.