Study On Qinhuangdao Yaohua Class Company In China And Belgium Jointly Managed Period(1921-1936)

Before Yaohua mechanical glass limited company establishment, the glass making technique was conventional hand blown process in China. The glass showed non-uniform thickness and low quality by using conventional technique. Because of the backward productive technology, it was difficult to establish large glass production enterprise in China, which created the condition for the western developed countries to export their glass to the Chinese market. At that time, the western developed countries exported their poor quality glass to Chinese market depending on their advanced technology, and monopolized the glass market by low price; through this channel they plundered mint of money from China every year. With the breakthrough of the western developed countries in monopoly operation for long term in glass by the establishing of Yaohua mechanical glass limited company, the Chinese glass manufacturing industry entered a new era from monopoly to gradual competition, from obturation to gradual openness.This paper tried to study the development situation of glass industry from 20 century 20 th to 30 th in China by case study of Yaohua Glass Company and to understand how the social environment it was and whether the political situation was stable had important influence on the development of the national enterprises and the national economy. On the other hand, the developmental panorama and developmental characteristics could be reflected objectively and completely by analysis on the activities of Yaohua Glass Company such as establishment, development, market competition, product sales, organization management and capital management and so on. At that time, the society was in turmoil and the transfers of government were frequently, western imperialist powers began to invade China who was gradually deprived of her own national sovereignty due to the fragility herself. More and more capitalism countries exported their laggard old machines and technology into Chinese market and obtained high interests. Based on this background, the most advanced plate glass manufacturing technology on the world was introduced into China from Europe by the hard negotiation, and Yaohua Glass Company established the most advanced glass production factory in China even to Asia by making full use of the advanced technology in hardship predicament. The other hand, Yaohua Glass Company could be established gradually with the typical problem of the lack of capital, and they began to negotiate with the basic export countries, which decreased patent fee from 900 000 yuan to 400 000 yuan. It was characteristic of the management mode in Yaohua Glass Company.Introduction clarifies the origin, the value, the significance, research status, research thinking, research method and so on. The author explains the relevant concepts and theories, and explains the research emphasis and difficulties in this paper. The author explains how to establish the Yaohua Glass Company. The first, this paper expounds how the glass industry appeared and developed in modern China. The process of production, development and propagation all over the world of “foke-method” patent technology are described. It also shows how to use this patent technology to establish the first company of mechanized production plate glass in China. The method of capital raising in Yaohua Glass Company is studied. Yaohua Glass Company was supported by Zhouxuexi industry group and they used the “new business” special capital of Kailuan Mining Bureau. But because the foreign party was patent technology investment, Yaohua Glass Company had to face the problem of lack of fund quickly. Although 500 000 yuan were changed from bonds to stock issuance, it was insufficient and inefficient, at last, they had to issue 800 000 yuan preferred stock, which helped them solve the remuneration successfully. Chapter 4 reviews the development course of production manufacturing. Firstly the author introduces the preliminary planning, kiln and furnace construction, yield of glass and main raw material. At last, the author introduces the relationship between Yaohua Glass Company and Faulk proprietary law Federation. The product marketing of Yaohua Glass Company. The market survey, trademark registration and management, advertisement propaganda, customer management, product sales and the mode of joint management studied, and this paper has made a thorough study on the product sales.The institutional mechanism of Yaohua Glass Company is analyzed. This paper mainly studies the shareholder meeting of Yaohua Glass Company and responsibilities, the board of directors and responsibilities, the production of director association and responsibilities, the production of protector and total assistant and corresponding responsibility. It also studies the situation about commission management and personnel management at all levels. The company was managed by Kailuan Mining Bureau from 1924 to 1941. In this model, the work of the managers of Yaohua Glass Company was responsible for the problem which was related to long-term development of the company, but other works were done by Kailuan Mining Bureau. So its work efficiency was high and it could fully utilize the resource of Kailuan Mining Bureau in many respects such as market development, product sales and so on.The economic efficiency of Yaohua Glass Company. There was detailed budgeted economy benefit before the products would be sold in the market. But because of declining prices of glass, Yaohua Glass Company encountered the circumstance of reducing profits. Moreover, the author analyses the distribution and use of profit in company. Introduces the treatment to workers in company, including salary and welfare treatment. From an overall perspective, the treatment was good at that time; of course, many welfare treatments had a close relationship with the struggles for worker’s rights. The cause of transfer stocks was analyzed from the ideological roots, the economic origin, the market environment and the political environment and so on. In addition, this paper had made a thorough study on the process of transfer stocks.This text thinks that the development of Yaohua Glass Company is successful. Under the abominable domestic and international environment Yaohua Glass Company could introduce the most advanced technology into China through negotiation which made plate glass manufacture change earth-shakingly, and had an effect with epoch-making significance. On this base, not only the monopoly situation of glass market in China was broken, but also China became one of the major countries of glass production in the world. They signed contract with Kailuan Mining Bureau successfully which made the Kailuan Mining Bureau into their strong supporter and the support from Kailuan Mining Bureau was very important for the development of Yaohua Glass Company. Then they signed the escrow contract, which pulled closer the relationship between them, it can be say that Yaohua Glass Company obtained the full help from Kailuan Mining Bureau. In addition, the hard course of modern China national enterprises development was reflected by the mutual aid and cooperative movement from enterprise group partner in Zhouxuexi. The help coming from Qixin Cement Company had become a great force for development of company which made it build factory and produce successfully and ferry financial difficulty. Because of the influence of historical environment, there had some shortcomings in technical treatment and grasping opportunities after they introduced advanced technique from the western developed countries, such as the absorption and digestion of technology imported had been fluctuated at low level, they had no technology innovation when they cooperated with Belgium, they did not control stably various patent right about glass manufacture in the Far East, otherwise, they would better control sales market and obtain high interests. Although there exist some shortcomings in the development of Yaohua Glass Company, but in fact at that time Chinese glass manufacture industry has entered the new development era under the leadership of Yaohua Glass Company.