| Tourism efficiency is the hot-spot in tourism research recently, it involves in low-carbon management, intensive growth, and sustainable development of tourism; and it has a great significant for the healthy, continued and stable development of tourism. However, there is a common phenomenon in tourism research of underlining on the technology and calculation, look down upon the theory and mechanism. This phenomenon restricts the theoretical and practical significance of tourism industry research in some extent. By taking the panel data from1997to2011for an example, selecting the measuring indexes of tourism industry efficiency based on the theory of economic growth, meanwhile, constructing evaluation index system of the influencing factors about tourism industry efficiency from the perspective of tourism resources, economy factors, institutional factors and cultural factors, in order to analysis the evolution mechanism of tourism industry efficiency from superiority degree of tourism resources, regional economic development, marketization index, cultural capital. By comprehensive using the methods of modified DEA model, ESDA, gravity centre, standard deviational ellipses, POOL panel data, geographical weighted regression, quantile regression, structural equation, path analysis et al, to measure and spatial analysis the provincial tourism industry efficiency, and further summarizes the evolution model and mechanism of regional tourism industry efficiency, and finally it puts forward some promotion and optimization strategies for regional tourism industry efficiency. The main thesis of this article is "construction indexes, calculation factors, spatial and temporal contrasting, mechanism analysis, promotion strategies", and the two main cores are tourism industry efficiency and evolution mechanism, it emphasize the temporal and spatial scale effect of the influencing factors. The main structure of this article can divide into three parts:â‘ Basic theory research, including the first chapter and the second chapter;â‘¡The empirical research, including the contents from chapter3to chapter6;â‘¢Research of improvement and application, including the sixth chapter and the seventh chapter.This article synthesizes various spatial and econometric analysis techniques; it attempts to break through the technology limit of the research of regional tourism industry efficiency. The main results of this article including:(1) The tourism industry efficiency has made significant improved from1997to2011, the intensive growth model of Chinese tourism development has made certain progress after the SARS. There is a certain regularity of the relationships between item efficiency of tourism industry:generally speaking, there is a relative positive correlation between total efficiency and pure technology efficiency, however, the scale efficiency generally presents a negative correlation with the two others. The relationships between item efficiency to some degree can determine their spatial distribution pattern. The evolution of tourism industry efficiency presents obvious regional effect:The total efficiency and pure technology efficiency of the East China presents more than the Middle; and the Middle China presents more than the West. However, the scale efficiency generally presents a contrary spatial pattern with the two others. Generally speaking, the East has a more intensive growth model, the Middle and West has a more extensive growth model for tourism industry. The evolution of tourism industry efficiency shows obvious spatial agglomeration effect:The high value of total efficiency and pure technology efficiency mostly concentrated on the eastern coastal areas, especially in the Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin areas and surroundings; the low value mainly distributed in the West. The scale efficiency presents a different spatial distribution from the two others. The evolution of tourism industry efficiency presents some degree of directional trend:The total efficiency and pure technology efficiency of tourism industry generally presents a northeast-southwest spatial distribution pattern from1997to2011; the scale efficiency presents east-west spatial distribution pattern. The gravity centre of total efficiency and pure technology efficiency has generally shifted to the northwest; the gravity centre of scale efficiency has generally shifted to the southeast. The evolution of tourism industry efficiency presents some degree of spatial asynchronous:More than half provinces of the superiority of tourism resources have a negative asynchronous with item efficiency, and the utilization of tourism resources exists some unreasonable.(2) The influences factors of item efficiency have some degree of time effect. From the long-term view, the influencing factor of superiority degree of tourism resources to item efficiency generally presents a gradually reduced trend. The regional economy plays a different rule in item efficiency, the main reason is that the situation components, speed components and support components play a different roles in the evolution of item efficiency. Institutional factors have a higher influence coefficient in the evolution of item efficiency, but it will come down for a long-term perspective. Only the institutional factors constantly updated, it can play the greatest degree of "institutional dividends". Cultural capital plays different roles in item efficiency, but the coefficient is relative low. The influence of cultural capital to tourism industry efficiency is mainly indirectly.(3) The influences factors of item efficiency have some degree of spatial effect.â‘ The superiority of tourism resources has a relative larger influence on the total efficiency in the West, but a smaller influence in the East. The superiority of tourism resources has a relative larger influence on the pure technology efficiency in the Middle, but a smaller influence in the East. The superiority of tourism resources has a relative larger influence on the scale efficiency in the West, but a smaller influence in the Middle.â‘¡Though the analysis of geographical weighted regression, it can be found that the regional economic factor which influences the tourism industry efficiency has an obvious spatial differentiation. It shows some East-West or North-South differentiation.â‘¢Institutional factors play a positive role of item efficiency, generally decreasing from east to west. The development degree of product market is the dominant factor that affects total efficiency of tourism industry in three regions. The relationship between government and market is the main factor that influences the pure technology efficiency in the East and West, while the development degree of product market is the dominant factor that affects pure technology efficiency in the Middle. The relationship between government and market is the main factor that influences the scale efficiency in the East, each component of institutional factors has no significant influences on scale efficiency in the Middle and West.â‘£Cultural capital has a relative larger influence on the total efficiency in the East, but a relative smaller influence in the West. Cultural capital has no significant influences on pure technology efficiency; only in the West has small significant influences on pure technology. Cultural capital also has no significant influences on scale efficiency; only in the West has positive significant influences.(4) The subsystems of tourism resources, regional economy, institution, culture are mutual influence and promotion. Tourism resources are the foundation of the evolution of tourism industry efficiency; the regional economy is the prerequisite; the institution factors are the security; and the cultural factors is the power. It should consider the temporal and spatial scales effect of influence factors in order to optimize and improve the item efficiency. By using the method of geographical weighted regression, it can propose some specific recommendations. There are three innovation points in this paper:â‘ It proposes the framework system and evolution characteristics of tourism industry efficiency;â‘¡It adopts a modified DEA model to calculate the efficiency of tourism industry, to some extent, it makes up deficiency of previous research technology;â‘¢It puts forwards the optimizing and upgrading path of regional tourism industry efficiency:Creating boutique, enhances connotation; pursuits quality, smart growth; creating institution, improves system; integration culture and tourism, industry coordination. It should pay more attention for the spatial-temporal effect of every influence factor and function of institution factor in the optimizing and upgrading of tourism industry efficiency.
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