Study On The Reform Direction Of Rural Land Institutional From The Evolution Of Land System

The Household Contract Responsibility System has brought a great change due to the reform and open policies in China, which has showed great miracles and solved the problem of food and clothing shortage for the 1.3 billion Chinese people. However, the system may need to be improved because it could not fit the new situation of agricultural production. Some problems has been experienced since the past 30 years like low efficiency, small scale, hard to circulate, confusion of property right, extensive farming etc. All of those have seriously influenced the further development of agriculture. It is a critical time that the policies on farmland need to be reformed in order to fit modern agricultural development. Professor Wu Jinglian and Li Yining analyzed the achievements and failures of the reform and open policies during the past 30 years. The results showed that the present rural land system still has a big room to be reformed. As a result of this, the present rural farmland system was analyzed. The historical analysis and comparison approaches were applied to analyze the evolution process of rural farmland system in both China and the developed countries especially the European countries. The main objective was to explore the laws of the development on rural farmland system. The results showed that the present rural farmland system in China had both generality and difference compared with that in the western developed countries. A lot of enlightenments on the reformation of the Chinese rural farmland system could be concluded, such as:(1) The contradiction between the productive forces and the productive relations determine reformation of rural farmland system. The rural farmland system must adapt to and the development level of productive forces and must be adjusted simultaneously with the development of productive forces. All rural farmland systems that are beyond or behind the development level of productive forces would hinder the development of productive forces.(2) Under the conditions of the market-oriented economy, the small-scale peasant economy system could not alive longer. It must be eliminated by the socialized large scale production and would inevitably decline.(3) The land value orientation is determined by the nature of land ownership, meaning that the public ownership mainly serves the public interests, while private ownership mainly serves the private interests.(4) An efficient rural farmland system could both encourage the labor and improve farmland production.(5) To distinct property right of farmland is the basis and prerequisite to make a rural farmland system efficient, which could promote economic growth.(6) One of the very important ways separating the ownership and using rights of farmland could be the leasing operation system, which could effectively drive on the farmland circulation.(7) Economic transition period correlates to the social problems, like Lewis Turning Point, which would affect the agricultural modernization, industrialization, and urbanization synchronous development. So, the reform of rural farmland system and transfer of the labor should be deal with simultaneously.Meanwhile, the results showed that the rural economic system and the environment have been significantly changed with the reform and adjustments of a series of state policies from the historical point of view. This represented that the Collective Land Ownership could not make the land property rights clear, the Household Contract Responsibility System has an undeserved reputation, and as a result of this, farmland was hardly circulated. Ml of the contradictions resulted from the changes had become one of the main factors that restrict China’s agricultural modernization and lead to the problems of rural, agriculture, and farmers. It is so completed that the present rural farmland system could hardly solve the contradictions.The evolution law of the land system in both China and western countries provides a rational reference for the reform of farmland in China. The rule of combination between the basic principle of Marxism and Chinese reality was followed to advocate the road of the socialistic land system reform. Base on the historical development laws of land system, forecasting the development trend of modern economy, drawing the beneficial experience of western countries, respecting China’s history tradition and realistic foundation, the results suggested that the leasing system could be one of the effective and feasible reform ways to the rural farmland system in China.