Research On The Upgrading And Coordinated Development Of The Tertiary Industry In Beijing

Beijing, the capital city, as well as a modern metropolis, has gained wide attention for its economic development and industry structure optimization. Beijing’s industry structure has been optimized gradually in recent years, however, there are still many existing problems. Facing the new historical period and the new global circumstances, Beijing is badly in need of new theory of industry structure upgrading to guide its long-term development. Based on the traditional domestic and international theories of industry structure upgrading and calculating methods, this paper will analyze and evaluate the segmented industries of the tertiary industry of Beijing and conduct an in-depth study on its industry concentration, in terms of the upgrading and harmonious development of the tertiary industry of Beijing, the comprehensive analysis of the development advantage of the three industries segmentation of Beijing, the spatial layout of the tertiary industry of Beijing, and the balanced development of the tertiary industry and the primary, the secondary industry of Beijing, using the analytical methods of empirical study, input-output analysis (the response coefficient and influence coefficient), rate of technological advance, comparative advantage (Location Quotient, etc.), industry scale, growth rate, as well as indicators, factor analysis and the G Index of the E&G Index. The specific content involves the industry structure upgrading and the intra-industry upgrading of the industrial upgrading process, and the balanced development between each industry of Beijing and the balanced development between regions in terms of the harmonious industrial development. The conclusions are as follows:1. The tertiary industry upgrading of Beijing has obtained remarkable achievements since China’s reform and opening up, especially after China joined WTO. The advanced extent of the industry structure of Beijing is far higher than the national average and other major cities in China of the same economic and social development level, and even reaches in advance a relatively higher level of those of the developed countries. Within the tertiary industry, the modern service industry and the manufacture-related service industry have been in a development of high speed, which is higher than that of the tertiary industry and the GDP growth rate of the Beijing area and the internal structure of these two industries upgrade significantly. In terms of the segmented industries of the tertiary industry, the paper comes to a conclusion using the analytical methods and indicators that by 2011, the superior industries of the tertiary industry of Beijing are financial industry, leasing and business services, scientific research, technical service and geological prospecting industry, transportation, warehousing and postal service, realty business, information transmission, computer services and software industry.2. The internal structure upgrading of the primary industry of Beijing has obtained remarkable achievements, but the manufacturing industry and the tertiary industry still stay at the low-end of the industrial chain. The agricultural productivity level and the degree of agricultural modernization of Beijing ranks top in China, but the productivity level of the manufacturing industry and the tertiary industry is still relatively low. The productivity of assets of the manufacturing industry of Beijing is among the lowest in China, which is far below the average level. While the labor productivity is at a higher level in China, it is still relatively low compared to that of the other countries in the world. On the other hand, the labor productivity of the tertiary industry of Beijing is also well below the national average, and is also well below that of Shanghai and Tianjin. Although the total factor productivity of the tertiary industry performs better than the labor productivity, that of the financial industry, which is the leading industry of the tertiary industry of Beijing, is still far below the national average, indicating that the innovation ability and technology development of Beijing financial industry still need great improvement.3. The balanced development of the three industries of Beijing has obtained remarkable achievements, but there are still many problems existing. The urban and rural agriculture of the primary industry has turned to urban agriculture, with the secondary and tertiary industries participating gradually, and the coordination and integrative development of the three industries within the rural area have played an important role in improving agricultural productivity. On the other hand, although information technology is participating more and more in the industries and service sectors, and the further integration of the secondary and tertiary industry has been realized step by step in the process of production, modern manufacturing industry does not present the development trend of urban manufacturing industry of the developed countries and international cities, and still has much development space. In terms of the tertiary industry, the culture and creativity industries develop together with the manufacture-related industry, and the "twelfth five-year" developing plan of Beijing has also emphasized its pillar position, which is a unique highlight of the harmonious development of the tertiary industry of Beijing.According to the analysis so far, the industrial structure upgrading of the three industries of Beijing is rapid and constant, which shows its own uniqueness of being much beyond the economic development level. However, considering Beijing’s aim to build an international city, the horizontal comparison between the area of Beijing and its population, and the growing new features of the primary and the secondary industry, this paper believes that the rationalization of industrial structure of the three industries of Beijing should focus especially on the balanced and harmonious development of the three industries, instead of the single-minded pursuit of increasing the proportion of the tertiary industry.4. Beijing has already established the pattern of "industrial concentration, industry level well arranged and regional functions oriented", which reflects its eco-economic structure feature of balanced development between industrial "concentration" and "decentralization", and has achieved the relatively coordinated development between industries of each district and town. Among them, agriculture has established or will soon establish the pattern of "five agricultural circle-layers" and "spatial layout of eight industry belt (clusters)"; manufacturing industry has already formed three levels of plates and six industry bases, which shows the trend that the manufacturing industry of Beijing is starting to develop in the direction of strategic emerging industries; the layout of the manufacture-related industry has already formed four high-end industrial function zone, and the "twelfth five-year" developing plan has already come up with the innovation and new pattern of industrial development space of "two cities with two belts, six high and four new", which reflects the great trend of in-depth integration of the secondary and the tertiary industry. When analyzing the concentration level and the Location Quotient of the three industries and the segmented industries of the tertiary industry using the G Index, it is found that industries having the coincidence of max Location Quotient and max added value are often the industries with high concentration level and perform well in the high-end industrial function zone, while industries lacking of the coincidence of max Location Quotient and max added value are often the industries with low concentration level. In terms of Beijing, statistics indicate that there is a significant gap between the concentration levels of the three industries; among the tertiary industry, four segmented industries, namely, transportation, warehousing and postal service; information transmission, computer services and software industry; financial industry; leasing and business services, have the highest level of concentration, while the culture and creativity industries have a relatively low level of concentration, and presents the feature of coordinated development of industrial concentration and decentralization in terms of spatial layout.