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Research On The Development Of The Socialist Agricultural Cooperatives Chinese Characteristics

Posted on:2015-05-26Degree:DoctorType:Dissertation
Country:ChinaCandidate:J H DingFull Text:PDF
GTID:1109330431498976Subject:Political economy
Abstract/Summary:PDF Full Text Request
Cooperatives are groups united voluntarily by vulnerable people to change their passive position. Ithas been nearly170years since the first cooperatives-Rochdale fair Pioneer Club was successfullyestablished in1844. During this period, there have been a lot of theories in cooperatives economy, amongwhich the Marxist cooperatives economy theory has been the most influential and of the most vitality.Theoretical research on agricultural cooperatives has a long history that can be dated back to the early19th century, when all kinds of cooperative economic thought were created. But it truly became a branch ofeconomics in the20th century.1920s and1930s saw the agricultural crisis first erupted in the United Statesthat quickly spread to the world. To respond to the crisis, western governments took policies of supportingfarmers’ cooperative development. In such context, the theoretical study of agricultural cooperativesbecame an important part of western economics. Meanwhile, the world’s first socialist state the formerSoviet Union launched a nationwide agricultural cooperative movement, therefore, research on the theoryof agricultural cooperatives had become an important part of the socialist economy.China’s agriculturalcooperatives theoretical research as a whole falls behind foreign countries, especially the developedWestern capitalist countries, which is a result that agricultural cooperatives first appeared and havedeveloped in Western Europe countries. From the current point of view, both domestic and abroad study onagricultural cooperatives have a tendency to focus on the circulation areas of, instead of production area, ofcooperatives. It is such a shame that there are fewer researches conducted in the framework of Marx andEngels’ theoretical study of agricultural cooperatives. This paper believes that, in the new historical periodof agricultural cooperatives development, marxist theory of agricultural cooperatives should be taken as theguiding principle, because it is the only way to ensure the socialist orientation of the development of newagricultural co-operatives in our country, so that agricultural co-operatives can truly become organizationsof farmers and be beneficial to farmers.1860s witnessed Marx and Engels’ cooperative economic theory system coming into being duringtheir struggle against the anarchist cooperatives ideas, the Christian socialist school, the socialist school ofcooperatives and cooperative enterprises ideologies by abandoning utopian socialist economic cooperation, which had become an important part of Marxist economic theory. Marx and Engels believed that from thegeneral sense, the cooperative is a product of socialization of production. It is the transitional link tocommunism; production cooperation plays a decisive role in various economic, because only cooperationcan touch capitalist production methods; national regime has a decisive power over cooperatives. or theparticular field of agriculture, when the proletariat takes power in developed countries, land should benationalized and production organization should take the form of agricultural workers cooperatives; whenthe proletariat takes power in the economically backward countries, farmers’ cooperatives land ownershipand agricultural production organization should be adopted. To develop agricultural cooperatives, thefollowing points should be adhered: farmers private ownership of land must be transformed; the voluntaryprinciple must be adhered and farmers must not be exploited; typical model and state help must be adhered;measures must be adjusted according to local conditions and treatment must be taken accordingly; andexploitation of workers must be opposed. The proletarian revolutionary leaders Lenin, Mao Zedong andDeng Xiaoping inherited and developed the Agricultural cooperation economic theory of Marx and Engels,and formed their own ideas about the agricultural cooperatives, which become to the significant part ofMarxist theory of agricultural cooperatives.Agricultural cooperatives in our country is not a new thing. As early as1920-30s, there appearedforms of agricultural cooperation economic organization, such as spontaneous support groups. After thefounding of new China, the communist party of China led the farmers to carry out agricultural cooperativemovement from support groups, primary agricultural production cooperatives, and senior agriculturalproduction cooperatives, to the people’s communes. At the beginning of the agricultural cooperativemovement, especially in the primary period of agricultural production cooperatives, remarkableachievements were made because Marx and Engels’ theory was better followed and basic principles ofcooperatives were abided.But since senior agricultural production cooperatives, because of the wrongguiding ideology, the cooperative movement evolved into agricultural collectivization movement, whichfinally created the people’s commune system and caused serious consequences. After China’s reform andopening up, China introduced the household contract responsibility system, which, though favorable toarousing t farmers’ production enthusiasm, had many disadvantages, such as small production scale, noteasy to introduce large-scale machinery and technology; Farmers were not strong in anti-risk ability, which put them in a weak position in market competition, etc. Therefore, whether from the viewpoint ofpromoting the development of agricultural productivity, or from the request of market economydevelopment, agricultural cooperatives in China at the present stage should be developed with vigor.Therefore, reviewing and following Marxist theory of agricultural cooperatives, systematically researchingthe problem of agricultural cooperatives, all has important significance to solve the "three rural problems",to realize the agricultural modernization, to enrich and develop cooperation economic theory.Agricultural productivity development is not even in China. There’s unbalanced level of developmentin different regions, and even in the same area. Therefore, our agricultural cooperative development shouldadhere to the principle of adjusting measures to local conditions, and taking treatment accordingly; thespecific forms of agricultural cooperatives should be flexible. This paper argues that, at present our countryshould adopt a basic form of rural land stock cooperatives, and a coexistence of diverse forms ofcooperative economy. To do this, firstly, theoretical innovation must be conducted in order to design newoverall framework of agricultural cooperatives, which means that Marxist basic principle of agriculturalcooperatives must be adhered to show the essential feature of socialist agricultural production mode;inheritance and development of Marxist theory of agricultural cooperatives helps to realize innovation ofsocialist agricultural production and operation.Secondly, institutional innovation should be conducted toestablish the new system structure of agricultural cooperatives, which means reforming farmland propertyrights system to build demutualized collective land property rights system; reforming rural collectiveeconomic organizations to form a new cooperative economic organizations; and reforming distributionsystem to build a new distribution system with distribution according to work as the main body. Thirdly,organize construction must be conducted to perfect the governance structure of the new agriculturalcooperatives, or to ensure cooperatives members’ main body status, to improve the internal organizationalstructure and management mechanism, and to improve the mechanism of interest distribution. Fourthly,government support must be strengthened to improve the external environment for the development of newagricultural cooperatives, namely to create a good law environment, to increase support for newagricultural cooperatives, and to strengthen the cooperative education and training.
Keywords/Search Tags:Marxism, Cooperative economy, Agricultural cooperatives, Stock cooperation system, development mode
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