Study On Production Organization System Transformation Of Grazing Animal Husbandry In Inner Mongolia

Currently, the grassland animal husbandry industry in Inner Mongolia is experiencing the critical transition from the traditional type to the modernized type. The situation is as same in farming areas as in pasturing areas:A large number of labor forces have been transferring to the secondary and tertiary industry; a growing amount of social capital has been invested in pasturing areas and there is a rapid rise in the number of cooperatively economic organizations. The allocation and integration of production factors inevitably improves productivity level. The reform in pasturing areas is following the model of Household-responsibility system, which is different from the way in farming areas and is not adaptable to actual situation in pasturing areas. The model in pasturing areas is better than the people’s commune system, but is far from the direction of moderate-scale and cooperative operation (Before the adoption of the people’s commune system, animal husbandry in Inner Mongolia had formed solid base in scale and cooperative operation.). In order to adapt to the development of the productivity, the reform of the small herdsman production organization system is inevitable.The research, based on the Marxist theory of the relationship between productivity and production relations, was to systematically study labor force, grass, and livestock in animal husbandry industry. The theoretical framework for the study was from the relationship between productivity and production relations, economic basis and superstructure, and the integration of social and natural science. The basic analysis method was based on the Marxist theories of the unity of opposites in the development, quality mutual change and negation of negation. First, the study clarified the basic concepts of grassland animal husbandry, household and household contract system of production organization, and to determine theoretical base and analysis method; Second, based on the Marxist dialectical materialism and historical materialism theories, the study reviewed and evaluated the historical change of production organization systems in Inner Mongolian animal husbandry industry, which enlightened the future reform in such field. Third, the study was to look for the general law of things development and to explore intuitional innovation of production organization system for the animal husbandry industry in Inner Mongolia. Fourth, the study analyzed family-contract responsibility system utilized in animal husbandry industry in Inner Mongolia and proved that the system did not meet the productive reality in pasturing areas and was against the law of natural and economic development. Fifth, the study compared and evaluated the new type of productive organization for animal husbandry industry in Inner Mongolia, indicated that herdsmen cooperatively economic organization would be the mainly basic form for productive organization, and determined the basic rule for organization innovation of grassland animal husbandry industry. The study also analyzed the necessity of the development of herdsmen cooperatively economic organization, made conclusion, brought out policy suggestion and explained the innovative possibility and limitation.The study indicated that under the wave of implementing family-contract responsibility system in Inner Mongolia thirty years ago, the system extended beyond the principle of seeking truth from facts and did not meet the real need of grassland animal husbandry industry in Inner Mongolia. From the production level, small family business model, a model of small scale of production, was a setback to the people’s commune system. This metaphysical innovation would be negated gradually. The study showed the correlation between productive organizationally innovation, the natural and economic rule, and the law of unity of opposites. With the experiences from our own history, foreign studies, and the realistic development of social productivity, the basic reform direction was from individual production to cooperative one. The establishment of herdsmen cooperatively economic organization met the requirement of development market-oriented economy, of the integration and allocation of productive factors and of the moderate scale management. Herdsmen were willing to cooperate. From the point view of universality of contradictions, the herdsmen cooperatively economic organization was practical and would become the mainly basic productive organization type. This conclusion was based on the basic situation of Inner Mongolia with large population and limited pasture, the traditional concept, the cooperative spirit of herdsmen and the unique development route of operation system in Inner Mongolia. But, the study did not exclude the rising professional unities, family pastures, and enterprise driving organizations, which were symbiotic and mutually promoted. As a result, there was no universal application. It was essential to adjust measures to local conditions and the willingness of herdsmen. Comparing with the people’s immune system, the innovative herdsmen cooperatively economic organization was a new type of collective economic organization and was a productive relations unity that herdsmen, grass, and livestock developed synergistically. The possible innovation of the study can be concluded as two points:(1) The study contributed to the analysis framework and methodology. Baced on Marxist theories of dialectical materialism and historical materialism contradictory, practice, the unity of opposites, the quality of interconversion, and negation of negation, the study established the analytical framework of productive organizationally system, analyzed historical change and development direction, and explored new theoretical view and method for animal husbandry system in Inner Mongolia.(2)The study concluded that the family-contract system was not practical and it was an urgent need to innovate the operation system to adapt to the development of productivity. The organizationally systematic innovation had to follow three basic rules: the natural rule based on the development of grassland animal husbandry, the economic rule of development of market-oriented economy, and the contradiction rule between productivity and production relations. The innovative herdsmen cooperatively economic organization was a new type of collective economic organization and was a productive relations unity that herdsmen, grass, and livestock developed synergistically through the unity of people, the unity of pasture, and the scale expansion of livestock.