| Objectives: (1) To understand drinking rate, annual alcohol consumption, kinds and routes of drinking, proportion of unrecorded alcoholic beverages consumption in total amount of alcohol use and prevalence's of alcohol-related problems in general population living in five areas in China in 2001; (2) to predict trends of drinking patterns and alcohol-related problems; (3) to descript socio-demographic characteristics of alcoholism and reveal high-risk population of alcohol dependence development; (4) to understand health status related to drinking and explore the relationship between level of health status and drinking; and (5) to understand use rates of cigarette and explore the association between smoking and drinking. Methods: By cluster sampling, 24 992 respondents aged 15 years or older were interviewed by psychiatrists with Alcohol Use and Health Status Survey Questionnaire, and 4 704 of the all respondents were screened with An Alcohol Related-problems Screening Test and 1 284 of them were diagnosed as mental disorders due to alcohol based on DSM-III-R criteria. Single variable analyses and multiple-variables analyses were conducted using SPSS11.0 for Windows. Results: (1) The total one-year drinking-rate and the total three-month drinking-rate were 59.0% and 43.8% respectively in general population. The one-year drinking-rate in the males was 74.9%, and that in the females was 38.8%. With the increase of age, the drinking rate of the respondents became higher, reaching at peak in the age of 41 to 50 years old. (2) 89.0% female drinkers and 43.6% male drinkers used alcohol once or less a week. 22.2% male drinkers and 2.5% female drinkers drank once or more a day. (3) Annual alcohol consumption for pure alcohol among all respondents was 4.5 liters (male versus female: 13.4), and that in drinkers was 7.58 liters (male drinkers versus female drinkers: 6.9). (4) Beer, strong distilled spirit and weaker distilled spirit were the three most common beverages of alcohol use in China in the past year, accounting for 35.6, 24.4 20.5 and 80.1%, respectively, of the overall alcohol consumption, and over 80% of the drinkers drunk with others and took meal spontaneously. (5) 7.1% respondents reported that they used one to three types of unrecorded alcohol beverages; the consumption of unrecorded alcohol beverages was 14.9% of the total alcohol consumption. (6) The point prevalence rates of mental disorders due to alcohol were 9.0, 0.2 and 5.1% for male, female and the whole sample, respectively; the rates of alcohol dependence in the groups above were 6.625, 0.200 and 3.797%, respectively; and the three-month rates of acute alcohol intoxication were 14.2, 0.7 and 8.3%, respectively. In the above three indexes, male had significant higher rates than female. (7) The results of single variable analysis revealed that numerous variables were related factors for alcohol dependence, including being male, middle adult, heavy physical labor, divorced or separated, less educational level, large alcohol consumption, and smoker. In Logistic regression analyses, annual alcohol consumption was strongest one among all factors entries the equation for alcohol dependence, which had J-shaped curve relationship with alcohol dependence. There was U-shaped curve relationship between family income per person per month and alcohol dependence. (8) In terms of the level of health status, 97% of the drinkers and 92.2% of the non-drinkers considered that they were in very good, good or fair health status, and 3.0 % of the drinkers and 7.8 % of the non-drinkers thought that they were in bad or very bad health status. The prevalence of gastritis/ulcer, migraine, disc/back painsand sleep problems was significantly higher in drinkers than in non-drinkers, which correlated nonlinearly with annual amount of drinking, while that of heart disease (including coronary heart disease and heart attack), cerebral infarction/cerebral hemorrhage, hearing/vision problems and diabetes was significant lower in drinkers than in non-drinkers. The results of stepwise multivariable regression on self-rated health status showed that the time since the first use of alcohol and alcohol drinking were the more important predictors of the level of health status. (9) After Controlling annual amount of alcohol consumed by stratifying, the prevalence rates of gastritis/ulcer and sleep problems increased with the increasing of alcohol intake amount, and those of heart disease, cerebral infarction/cerebral hemorrhage were significantly higher in both non-drinkers and heavy drinkers than moderate drinkers as well, which had V-shaped cure relationship with the annual amount of alcohol intake. (10) The one-year smoking rate in male, female and the whole sample were 58.6, 5.5 and 35.2%, respectively; and that combined with alcohol use was 30.9%. The smoking rate and the amount of cigarette per day were significant higher in the drinker than in the in non-drinkers (drinkers versus non-drinkers for the smoking rate: 52.3%∶12.3%; drinkers versus non-drinkers for the amount of cigarette per day: 52.3%∶12.3%). Conclusion: (1) Drinking was a common social behavior in China, the annual alcohol consumption was higher than that of 1990's, and the drinking rate and alcohol consumption in male are higher than those in female. Unrecorded alcohol beverages played an important role in alcohol consumption. (2) Beer and spirit were the main types of alcohol beverages consumed in China, and the drinker prefers to drink with others and take meal spontaneously. (3) Alcohol-related problems impact severely on drinkers' health, especially on problem/heavy drinkers, which should be pay attention highly by govern. Alcohol-related problems mightbe controlled by prohibiting of alcohol use or reducing of amount of alcohol consumption in high-risk population. (4) There was close association between alcohol use and health status in general population in fives areas in China. Drinking increases the prevalence of gastric/ulcer disease and the complexity of sleep problems, while mild to moderate alcohol consumption is a protective factor for heart disease and cerebral attack. The level of health status of community residents might result from alcohol use and other certain and uncertain factors. (5) Drinking associated closely with smoking, especially in male.
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