Study On Diagnosis And Treatment Of Pneumonia Induced By Antibiotic-resistant Bacteria According To TCM

The pneumonia induced by antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a serious clinical problem. The presence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens limits the use of antibiotic agents in treatment of diseases. Antibiotic-resistance now occurs in an increasing number of pathogenic, opportunistic, and commensal bacteria. If the current trend continues, many of the commonly used antibiotics will soon lose their effectiveness. So it is very important to study the disease according to the theory of Chinese Medicine and look for effective therapies or herbs.The paper includes theoretical, experimental and clinical study.1 Theoretical study1.1 Antibiotic-resistance and the pneumonia induced by antibiotic-resistant bacteriaThe growing prevalence of antibiotic-resistance in bacterial species commonly involved in respiratory tract infections has become a serious clinical problem. Antibiotic-resistant infections have been linked to prolonged suffering, significantly higher mortality, and significantly greater hospital costs than infections caused by antimicrobial-susceptible strains of the same species. Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance vary widely with different combinations of microbe and drug. Microorganisms have developed various ways to resist the toxic effects of antibiotics and other drugs. One ofthese mechanisms involves the production of enzymes that inactivate antibiotics by hydrolysis or the formation of inactive derivatives. Well-known examples are β-lactamases and enzymes that phosphorylate, adenylate, or acetylate aminoglycoside antibiotics. A second mechanism of resistance is target alteration. Cellular targets can be altered by mutation or enzymatic modification in such a way that the affinity of the antibiotic for the target is reduced. A third, more general mechanism of resistance is the inhibition of drug entry into the cell. Due to the low permeability of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria and the exceptionally efficient barrier of the gram-positive mycobacteria, drug diffusion across the cell envelope is reduced. The permeability of the outer membrane can be further decreased by the loss of porins. These barriers, however, cannot prevent the drugs from exerting their toxic action once they have entered the cell, and the active efflux of drugs is essential to ensure significant levels of drug resistance. Addressing bacterial-resistance problems requires a more judicious use of the available antibiotics as well as the development of new agents that are effective against resistant organisms.1.2 Views about etiology, pathogenesis and regularity of diagnosis and treatment of pneumonia induced by antibiotic-resistant bacteria in Chinese Medicine.According to the theory of Chinese Medicine on the febrile diseases due to the exopathic pathogen, the lung-heat disease due to wind-heat evil has relationship with pneumonia induced by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The pathogenic factor of the lung-heat disease is exogenous wind-heat. Its basic pathogenesis is the impairment of purifying and descending function of the lung and accumulation of phlegm and stagnant heat in the interior. The therapy is combination of ventilating the lung and eliminating heat, resolving phlegm and removing blood stasis.1.3 Prof. Jiang's academic experience on the treatment of pneumonia induced by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Views about etiology: The toxic factors mean anything which is harmful to human body. The exogenous pathogenic factors are toxins comingfrom environment. The pathogen which resists to antibiotic is a kind of serious toxic factor. Views about pathogenesis: The patients who have caught the pneumonia induced by antibiotic-resistant bacteria usually have the insufficiency of Yin, Yang, Qi and blood and reduced functions of viscera. The basic of this deficiency causes the atypical clinical courses. The symptom is serious and complex. The syndrome of accumulation of sputum, heat, blood stasis and toxin in the lung is a critical stage of the disease. Based on th...