Development, Identification And Characterization Of Two New Triticum Aestivum-Dasypyrum Villosa Compensating Robertsonian Translocation Lines T1DS·1VL And T1DL·1VS

Dasypyrum villosa,also named Haynaldia villosa,is an allogamous annual or perennial diploid grass. It is native to the north-eastern part of the Mediterranean region. Haynaldia villosa possesses many important agronomic traits,including resistance to many main wheat diseases,as well as winter hardiness,vigorous tilling ability,multi-spikelets,high grain protein content,salt and drought tolerance. On chromosome 1V there are genes at complex loci coding for high molecular weight glutenins (Glu-V1),sulfur-poor (ω-type) and sulfur-rich (γ-type) monomeric prolamins (Gli-V1),and low molecular weight (LMW) polymeric prolamin proteins (Glu-V3). All these genes are very precious genetic resources for improving wheat quality. In the present study,we used molecular markers and cytogenetic techniques to develop and identify two new compensating,Robertsonian translocation lines T1DL?1VS and 1DS?T1VL,and evaluate the effects of this translocation on wheat diseases and grain quality. The results are as following:1,From 48 pair bin-mapped EST (expressed sequence tags) primers on chromosome 1DS and chromosome 1BL respectively were selected from the wheat EST,24 markers from the centromeric bin and 24 markers from the telomeric bin. Four EST- STS (sequence target site) markers were developed. Two markers BE499250-STS and BE591682-STS/RSAⅠlocated on short arm are co-dominant markers,can trace a polymorphic segment on 1VS,and a 1DS fragment amplified by this marker could be distinguished from 1A and 1B. The other two markers BE518358-STS/HAEⅢand BE585781-STS/RSAⅠlocated on long arm produced dominant markers,the former one can amplified two 1VL fragments and later one can detect one 1VL segment,where the 1DL band co-migrated with those of 1A and 1B.2,Using the monosomoic 1D line as female parent crossed with the disomic chromosome 1V addition line DA1V. Make slides with the root taps of F1 plants,count and select the plants with 42 chromosomes which must be double monosomic plants ( 2n=42,20Ⅱ+Ⅰ1 D+Ⅰ1V) ,and keep these plants self-cross and produce F2 population. A total of 282 F2 plants derived from F1 plant with 2n=42 chromosomes were screened with the four STS markers. 36 plants only showed special polymorphic bands for the two short arm markers,while 27 plants only showed special polymorphic bands for the two long arm markers. 5 heterozygous Robertsonian translocation plants and 1 heterozygous non-Robertsonian translocation plants were identified by GISH. According to the C-banding and GISH patterns of 1D and 1V chromosomes and the critical chromosomes involved in wheat-H.vallosa compensating Robertsonian translocation lines at mitotic metaphase,Of the 5 Robertsonian translocations , 3 T1DS?1VL heterozygous compensating Robertsonian translocation plants(08-46-7,08-46-123 and 08-46-208) and 2 T1DL?1VS heterozygous compensating Robertsonian translocation plant(08-46-56 and 08-46-83) were identified. 2 homozygous T1DL?1VS plants were detected from 52 F3 plants derived from heterozygous translocation plant T1DL?1VS83; while 4 homozygous T1DS?1VL plants were identified by GISH in the 68 F3 plants derived from heterozygous translocation plant T1DS?1VL208.3,Results of resistance to stripe rust and powdery mildew in adult plant for Chinese Spring,T1DL?1VS and T1DS?1VL lines showed,the resistance level to powdery mildew for two new translocation lines T1DS?1VL and T1DL?1VS were similar to CS,all of them were mid-resistance. But resistance to four stripe rust races (CYR31,CYR32,CYR33 and Su11-4) for two translocation lines T1DL?1VS and T1DS?1VL were different with that of CS,plants of the translocation line T1DL?1VS were moderately to highly susceptible to the four stripe rust races,and more serious than CS. Plants of the translocation line T1DS?1VL were moderately susceptible to CYR31 and CYR32,and highly resistant to immune to CYR33 and Su11-4. Therefore,some resistant genes to stripe rust perhaps locate on 1VL.4,The seed protein concentration of CS,two new translocation lines T1DS?1VL and T1DL?1VS were 15.47%,15.20% and 14.81% respectively,and was not significant different. Zeleny sedimentation value (10.0 ml) of the translocation line T1DS?1VL was significantly lower than that of CS (30.7 ml),developing time and stable time were1.5 min and 1.2 min,and decreased 2.7 min and 3.0 min than developing time (4.2 min) and stable time (4.2 min) of CS respectively,weakness of gluten and quality index of farinograph were 199 FU and 19,and increased 101 FU and decreased 45 than that of CS (98 FU and 64) respectively. Zeleny sedimentation value of the translocation line T1DL?1VS was 37.4 ml and was significantly higher than that of CS,developing time and stable time were 5.0 min and 5.9 min,and increased 0.8 min and 1.7 min than that in CS respectively,its weakness of gluten and quality index of farinograph were 47 FU and 86,and decreased 51 FU and increased 22 than that of CS. The results showed that T1DS?1VL translocation decrease gluten strength and do not enhance wheat quality,but T1DL?1VS translocation can increase gluten strength and enhance wheat quality. We speculated that the high molecular weight glutenins (Glu-V1)of Dasypyrum villosa probably located on 1VS.