Study On The Mei Hua City Of Nanyang In Qing Dynasty

Nan yang locates in the south-west of central china, it was called the Shen or Lv country in ancient years. During the the Spring and Autumn Period, the state of Chu built the city of Wan. Later,it was called Nan yang because it was in the south of the Fu niu mountains and the north of the Han River. Since it was the important place for military in ancient time, it was called Chu yu xiong fan and Zhong yuan yao chong. It had a history of 2,000 since the Qin Dynasty. Though destroyed and flourished in different period, it was never discarded. Thus it is an instance of the ancient urban civilization. Especially in Qin and Han Dynasties, the early stage of the city as Wan was as famous as Chang'an Luo yang, Lin zi, Han dan and Cheng du. It was a national commercial city and called the south capital and homeland of emperor. During Sui and Tang Dynasties, Nan yang became the connecting point between the east and west capital cities and Jiang nan area. From the Ming and Qing Dynasties, local economy in Nan yang was developed and patterns of urban development on the outstanding city was formed. In the late Qing Dynasty, Nan yang was attacked by the army. The citizens built the Meihua city with a Multiple defense system and a wonderful work in the history of Chinese urban construction.Throughout the history of development, the status and function of the city differed in various period. By reading the region's background, phase characteristics and evolution of urban spatial form can provide the evidence to understand the urban development and evolution of the Han River basin and southwest of Henan, and become another historic sample of inland areas in China. In Qing dynasty, the Meihua City was built for defense. It was a result of developing defense systems for thousands of years in China. It contained special places and values in the urban form and function. The researches on the Meihua City with defense forces, flood control and city construction, will give typical meaning of the development of Nan yang.The paper focuses on the history records, local documents and field surveys. Following the research theory of ancient cities, the paper studies the historical development and evolution of spatial patterns of Nan yang in two aspects. The diachronic study includes the history of urban development in the regard of its strong and weak period. It rose in the Qin and Han Dynasties, and decayed from the Three Kingdoms period to Song Dynasty. Finally, it was stable from Yuan to Qing Dynasty. On this basis, the paper studies the evolution of urban form before the Meihua city was built, and reviews its historical relations. There are two twin cities in Han dynasty, the small city in Tang and Song Dynasties, the Tang king city in Ming Dynasty and the Meihua City in Qing dynasty.The research on unique facilities includes two aspects. Firstly, it is about the location feature, especially in terms of the military, communication and environment. It determined the important status and role in historical period. Secondly, it is about the multidimensional analysis and discussion on the Meihua city. Based on the background of social history in Qing Dynasty, the paper analyzes four aspects: construction procedures of the Meihua city, urban defense system, urban spatial structure and buildings in the city. The defense facilities, flood control and urban spatial structure are the main expression of the uniqueness of the Meihua city.