Study On The Mechanism Of New Town's Development Based On Spatial Equilibrium

At present, the population and economic activities in the metropolitan area is over-intensive, and this creates enormous pressure on urban operation. Developing the New Town to expand urban space, optimize its structure, ease urban pressure coming from the population growth, and enhance the urban competitiveness, have become one of the key issues in the field of urban construction and management both at home and abroad. This paper is a systematic theoretical study on the formation and development of New Towns. The purpose is to reveal the inherent mechanism of the New Town's and urban structure's development from the spatial equilibrium theoretical perspective, and to solve the basic optimization problem about how New Towns occur within the urban structure, to study how to optimize the policy and institutional arrangements to achieve optimization management in the process of New Towns'development and urban construction.Making comprehensive use of management science, policy science, urban planning and management, economics, other knowledge, related models and theories, this paper constructs a new general theory of New Towns'formation and development. Firstly, the paper reviews the literature on development and optimization of urban structure, defines the key concepts, analyzes the micro-actors, system border and structure. Then, constructs the spatial equilibrium theoretical framework on the New Town's development and spatial equilibrium based urban structure model (SEUS model). Theoretical framework reflects housing and job balance, location choice of the residents and producers, the reachability of urban products, besides these, the corporation relocation and the formation of new job center, etc., these are all about the relationship between urban micro-actors and urban structure evolution. SEUS model analyzes the urban structure, describes its static and dynamic development, the evolution process, and puts policy analysis into a unified analysis framework. Compared with the traditional models, it is shown that SEUS model possesses characteristics and advantages in urban structure analysis, modeling and evolution process analysis. Some specific models can be developed from them. Secondly, using the general spatial equilibrium model of urban structure with single core characteristics to analyze urban structure with single core characteristics systematically. The model uses consumer utility function to describe the individual preference, the concept of budgetary constraints and the relevant competition rules to describe the system environment, besides these, uses preference, production and consumption to explain the individual action. Construction the mathematical model of the production market clearing, the labour market and land market clearing, based on the model, derives the urban utility function, through numerical simulation, gets the curves, using urban utility function to analyze the law about urban scale effect. Different from the analysis of the traditional agglomeration economic models to determine the optimal size of a city, the utility function in the paper is based on the urban micro-actors (consumer and producer) , therefore, it is more useful in reality.Thirdly, proposition of the mechanism of New Town's formation based on spatial equilibrium. The paper analyzes the potential market function to describe the state of the urban structure evolution, to study with the time going, the size of the cities expanding, the output and consumption of urban micro-actors, the optimal urban scale, get the inner law of the formation and development of the New Towns. Further analysis based the numerical simulation reveals, with the change of urban demand for products, the original general equilibrium urban structure with single-core is broken, the supply of products in the urban areas is to be made corresponding adjustments, therefore, the new Job Centre formed. The simulation results show that the New Town's formation exists the optimization time and location, therefore, obtains the optimal path of the urban evolution.Fourthly, using the general spatial equilibrium model of urban structure with"New Town--Old City"to study the dual-core urban system. Through the analysis of the micro-actors and the relationship between them, the paper gets the law of urban structure development after the formation of New Towns, and the quantitative description of urban utility and urban rent. Reveals the transfer polarization and decentralized polarization effects after the the emergence of New Towns. The results shows that urban utility exists the bifurcation, after the emergence of the New Town, the curve is uptrend. This is theoretical support for the development of New Towns, on the other hand, provides effective analysis tools with the quantitative analysis model for the further measure study.Fifthly, analysis of the policy and institutional arrangements about the New Towns'development based the general spatial equilibrium. Taking the policy into consideration, the paper analyzes the impact of various policies and the process of realization of these policies from three dimensions, which are the macro level, the selection of urban development mode; the middle level, the infrastructure policy; and the micro level, the population policies and the city size. The paper reveals the basic balance in the process of New Town's development and urban structure optimization, which is making full use of urban land resources, and to ensure the urban labour market's integration, at the same time, minimizing transaction costs. Besides these, proposes the development of the New Towns from the angle of the urban structure evolution; transport infrastructure policy based on location suitable analysis; the city size and population policy based on the individual resident's behavior. All these can be used in the process control and optimal management in New Towns'construction and regional development.