| With the society stepping into the 21st century, sustainable development has already become the subject of the development of our society, which is a new stage and new mode of the development. Characterized by the high-depletion, severe-pollution and pollution-before-control, the traditional mode of development can not meet the need of the development of today and future. The concept of the sustainable development is brought up as a result of the worry of the environmental damage and the sustainability of the economic development. The sustainable development is the reflection of the development since Industrial Revolution, which has sacrificed the resources and environment as the price. It emphasizes the coordination and sustainable development of population, resources, environment and the economy.Water resource is the indispensable natural resources to human beings and is also the strategic economic resources to the development of economy and society. With the fast development of society and economy, the contradiction between the supply and demand of water resources gets more aculeate, and the water resources has become one of the key factors in sustainable development of social economy. At the same time, the frivolousness of water utilizing has turned up. It is of great theoretical significance and practical value to carry out study on the reasonable allocation of water resources and its index system and model of evaluation.On the basis of summarizing and analyzing the existing research achievements on the reasonable allocation of water resources at home and abroad, in the direction of the concept of the sustainable development, the evaluation index system and the evaluation model of the reasonable allocation of water resources is proposed, which is used in Changchun. This research has enriched the contents and the methods of the regional optimized allocation of water resources to a certain extent.The main contents are as follows:1.The importance of the reasonable allocation of water resources is expounded through the research on the major problems in the current exploitation and utilization of water resources in China.2.The basic theories of the reasonable allocation of water resources including connotation, main contents, aims, principles and modes are systematically explained and the methods of the establishment of the models of optimized allocation of water resources based on systematical dynamics are introduced, all of which can provide theoretical basis for the establishment of the evaluation index system and evaluation model of the reasonable allocation of regional water resources.3.By investigating and evaluating the present situation of Changchun water sources, we have analyzed the utilization and exploitation of the water resources and predicted the developing trend of water sources with the development of society. In this paper, we point out that the utilization and exploitation of the surface water have been to the limit, the groundwater resource is deficient, and the treatment rate of the wastewater is relatively low, especially the low utilization rate of wastewater and the low reuse rate of water, and the industrial structure is not reasonable enough and the development of high water-consumption industries is intensive and the waste of water consumption is severe, people lack the crisis sense and consciousness of water-saving, and the relevant legal systems are not complete. We have discussed various methods of the utilization of water resources and put forward the strategy of water utilization and the program of optimized allocation of water resources in order to solve the problems of the water sources crisis in Changchun.4.In this paper, ecological water demand is put forward as an importance component of the urban water demand and the eco-environmental water demand is analyzed and predicted. From the requirements of the water quality level of various water-consuming departments, this paper studies the integral expression of the water quality and quantity as well as the quantity of the regional available water resources.5.According to the actual situation of wastewater resources in Changchun, this paper put forward a new way of the utilization of wastewater .From a viewpoint of water treatment engineering, this paper demonstrates the feasibility of the utilization of wastewater. On the basis of the present and future situation of the utilization of wastewater in Changchun, this paper studies the way of the wastewater utilization and the water quality requirements and proposes the techniques of wastewater utilization that adapts the characteristics of the utilization of wastewater in Changchun in order to ensure the requirements of the various usages of the urban wastewater.6.The principle and method of evaluation index systems are studied, and the evaluation index system of the reasonable allocation of the regional water resources is established, in which five evaluation standards are determined: the social rationality, economic rationality, eco-environment rationality, resources rationality and the efficiency rationality.7.According to the actual situation of Changchun, the rationality of the water resources allocation program in Changchun is evaluated by using the evaluation index system of the reasonable allocation of the water resources established in this paper.The conclusion and the innovations of this paper are as follows:1.Changchun is a typical northern water-deficient city. The study on the present situation of the water resources in Changchun indicates that the exploitation and utilization of the surface water in Changchun have been to the limit and the cost of the long-distance water supply is enormous. In view of the deficiency of the underground water resources in Changchun, to further exploit and utilize the underground water will not conform to the relevant national policy. On the other hand, the treatment rate of the wastewater in Changchun is relatively low, especially the low utilization rate of wastewater and the low reuse rate of water, and the industrial structure is not reasonable enough and the development of high water-consumption industries is intensive and the waste of water consumption is severe, people lack the crisis sense and consciousness of water-saving, and the relevant legal systems are not complete, all of which have aggravated the crisis of water resources in Changchun.2.In this paper, the research and analysis of the water ecosystem in Changchun indicate that the total emergy of the water ecosystem in Changchun is 87.64×1016sej, among which the emergy input and output are respectively 67.33×1016sej and 20.31×1016sej. The emergy input is from the renewable natural resources, non-renewable natural resources and renewable landscape water, among which the renewable landscape water accounts for 20.44% of the emergy input. It indicates that the sustainable development of the water ecosystem in Changchun is influenced by the quantity and quality of the renewable landscape water. Therefore, to increase the wastewater treatment rate and protect the surface water from pollution is important ways to ensure the stability of the urban water ecosystem and sustainable development. The major emergy output of the ecosystem in Changchun is the ecosystem services, in which the ecological benefit of the urban waters is in the primary position. Therefore, we should do our best to ensure the quality of the urban waters and maintain adequate water area in order that the ecosystem can bring the most social and ecological benefits.3.In this paper, the analysis of the trend of the demand and supply of the water resources in Changchun indicates that the supply of the water resources in Changchun can basically meet the demand of the social production, life and the environment in the condition that the water supply capability is all used. However, over 50% of the water supply capability is the trans-boundary water diversion so that it is not reasonable in view of the cost of the water supply. Therefore, we should try to reduce the trans-boundary water diversion and solve the water-deficient problems from the aspect of the system itself in order to get the most economic and social environmental benefits. The results of the calculation of the equilibrium of the supply and demand of the water resources in Changchun indicate that the situation of the water deficiency in Changchun is relatively serious. We should set up the strategic plan of water resources, further emphasize the construction of the water-saving and pollution-controlled society and establish improved index systems and water pollution control systems in order to solve the water-deficiency problems.4.The ecological water demand is an important part of the water resources allocation in Changchun. In this paper, the ecological water demand in Changchun is calculated, analyzed and predicted and the increasing amount of the ecological water demand in 2020 is predicted. The results indicate that the eco-environmental water demand is mainly made up of the forest land water demand, grassland water demand and water eco-environment water demand, among which the grassland water demand is the highest and the river and lake eco-environment water demand is relatively low. Most of the grassland in Changchun is the artificial grassland aimed at the beautification of the city, which needs a great deal of irrigation water to maintain. However, the water area in Changchun is relatively small. Therefore, proper water area should be determined and the quantity and quality of the waters should meet the relevant standards for the reasonable development of the city.5.On the basis of the analysis of the developing situation and future trend of the utilization of the wastewater in Changchun, this paper studies the ways of utilization of the wastewater in Changchun and corresponding requirements of water quality. The results indicate that the prospect of the utilization of the wastewater in Changchun is good, and the ways of the utilization of the wastewater at present are mainly industrial reuse, municipal use and agricultural irrigation and the landscape water utilization can be considered in the mature condition. In addition, the projects of the reclaimed water system for building should be carried out widely. According to the wastewater utilization techniques and the safety problems, in this paper, experimental research is carried out to study the techniques adaptable to Changchun and the technological process and technique parameters of various techniques are determined. These techniques are as follows: the secondary treatment enhanced by the compound multi-component transfer biological methods, the denitrification by the porous bio-particle fluidized bed, phosphorus removal in secondary effluent with micro-flocculation fiber filter and the nitrogen and phosphorus removal in secondary effluent for the landscape water. The results show that the reclamation technique by advanced treatment of the wastewater proposed in this paper can be used as the wastewater utilization technique in Changchun, which can meet the requirements of various utilizations of the urban wastewater.6.According to the recent theories of the water resources allocation, the systemic dynamics VENSIM software are used in this paper. With the equilibrium of the demand and supply of the water resources in Changchun as the key, the water-saving pressure as the link and the co-ordination of the benefits of the ecological, industrial and domestic water consumption as the premise, this paper studied the optimized allocation of the water resources in Changchun and established the models of the water resources allocation in the aim of the sustainable development of Changchun.7.To bring the shortage of the water supply and the water supply cost in Changchun to the lowest, in this paper, various factors are considered including trans-boundary water diversion, wastewater reuse and water saving and five plans of the urban water resources optimized allocation are designed and analyzed by the systemic models of the water resources allocation. The results indicate that the fifth plan is the best, by which the surplus of the water supply in Changchun is 1.3million m3, the rate of the trans-boundary water diversion is 41.9%, the rate of the wastewater reuse is 40.5%, the allotment of the urban water consumption is 243L/(capita·d), the irrigation rate of the grassland is 41.0%, the irrigation rate of the forest land is 28.7% and the industrial output value is 621.644billion Yuan/a. This paper also proposed the direction of the sustainable utilization of the water resources in Changchun: to enhance the wastewater utilization and take effective measures of water saving, especially the industrial water saving, and the trans-boundary water diversion appropriately, all of which are of great significance to the sustainable development of Changchun.8.The index system of the selection of the water resources allocation plans is established in this paper. The index system includes 7 indexes: the rate of the trans-boundary water diversion, the rate of the wastewater utilization, the water consumption of 10000yuan industrial output value, the allotment of the urban domestic water consumption, the irrigation rate of the forest land, the irrigation rate of the grassland and the rate of the injection of the rivers and lakes, which reflects the social, economic and environmental benefits of the water utilization. In this paper, according to the evaluation index system, the decision model TOPSIS is applied to evaluate the results of the systemic dynamics emulation and determine the optimized plan, which realized the quantification of the selection of the plans and thus ensure the scientific decisions.The optimized allocation of the water resources is a complicated macro-system multi-objective problem, which covers a wide field and the theories are not complete. The important research contents which need to be enhanced are as follows:(1)The study on the quantification of the sustainable development. This paper performs the rule of the sustainable development by using the regional coordinate development index and the coordinate degree of economic development, the utilization of water resources and the environmental improvements. But it needs to be further studied on how to measure the sustainable development and reflect the sustainable development in the models to the extreme.(2)The study on the quantification of the social and environmental objectives. In this paper, the output of the primary pollutants (BOD, COD) and the total water shortage of the water supply system are as the measurements of the environmental and social benefits. It is a method of the indirect evaluation of the objectives, which needs to be further studied on how to determine the approaches of the quantification of the social and environmental objectives.(3)The introduction of more optimized methods. The intelligent algorithms including genetic algorithm, simulated annealing, artificial neural network and chaotic optimization algorithm should be applied in the optimized allocation of the water resources.
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