A Study The Nan Yuan Imperial Garden In The Qing Dynasty In Beijing

The Nan Yuan Imperial Garden is the largest imperial gardens in Beijing City of Qing Dynasty. The planning and construction thoughts play a key role in resources reserve, water-system treatment, and withstanding disasters in Beijing. Compared with other imperial gardens, the Nan Yuan Imperial Garden has undertaken some special functions and activities, such as military maneuver, hunting, agricultural and sideline products production. For these reasons, it has special garden art different from some other imperial gardens. The Nan Yuan Imperial Garden is the last ancient Chinese imperial garden with the features of imperial gardens in Qin and Han Dynasties. It takes a very important place in the history of ancient Chinese gardening.The research includes three aspects:textual research on the garden's boundary and the location of unit-sights; a systematic study on the relationship between the Nan Yuan imperial Garden and Beijing City, historical evolution of the Nan Yuan imperial Garden, the development in different periods of Qing dynasty, the major influence factors of construction, and the features of garden art; based on the research on the boundary and the location of unit-sights and other relative research results, some suggestions on the conservation and development of the ruins of the Nan Yuan Imperial Garden were proposed, taking the urban construction in the south of Beijing city into account.The major valuable conclusions of this paper are as follows:(1) By analyzing a large number of historical document and field investigation, the paper gave a definite boundary of the garden and made the location of its unit-sights clear.(2) It elaborates the relationship between the Nan Yuan Imperial Garden and Beijing City:The Garden played important roles in keeping safety and growth of the City, maintaining urban ecological balance, and ensuring transportation of the canal and so on. (3) It probed the historical evolution of the Nan Yuan Imperial Garden and concluded that the development and the evolution of the Nan Yuan Imperial Garden resulted from co-action of forest culture of hunting peoples, prairie culture of nomadic peoples, as well as farming culture in central plain area.(4) It expounded the process of construction development of the Nan Yuan Imperial Garden and its functions and activities in different periods of Qing dynasty, also analyzed the influence on its construction from views of environment, history, economy and culture.(5) It discussed main functions and activities of the Nan Yuan Imperial Garden, such as military maneuver, hunting, agricultural and sideline products production, resources reserve and so on. The research argued that the establishment of the art features of the Garden was depended on these functions and activities.(6) It investigated particularly on the feature of garden art of the Nan Yuan Imperial Garden so as to provide theoretical supports for reconstruction, conservation and utilization of historical sites and ruins of the Nan Yuan Imperial Garden.(7) By systematically studying on the Nan Yuan Imperial Garden, also taking the urban construction in the south of Beijing into account, some suggestions on conservation and development of the ruins of the Nan Yuan Imperial Garden were proposed.