Research On Accident And Unsafe Factors Of The Fuiniture Machanical Processing

China has been a world giant in the manufacturing and export of furniture. Furniture industry plays a more and more important role in the national economy of China. However, working conditions for labors and safety of operations want improvement in the furniture industry of China. Accident occurrence rate of woodworking machine operations in furniture manufacturers is far higher than the average level of all the industries in China. Moreover, a number of operational risks exist in the process of furniture production. Therefore, an important issue that draws people's attention now is to improve furniture manufacturers'working conditions and eliminate operational risks.Based on comprehensive model of accident-causation theory and the theory of man-machine engineering, this study carried out a risk investigation covering the field operations of 27 furniture manufacturers using approaches as field observation, personnel interview, and operations survey. Moreover, questionnaires are presented to 315 furniture industry employees for covering feedback on risky factors. Method of narrative statistics and analysis is used to analyze operational risks of furniture manufacturers, and single factor analysis of variance is adopted to probe into the differences between operational risks of furniture manufacturers with different undertakings. Additionally single factor analysis of variance is taken to make a statistics analysis on comprehensive stuff and frequency of risky behaviors of employees with different backgrounds and characters, and typical correlation analysis is used to implement the statistics analysis on the correlation between different operational risks. Conclusions are drawn as following:1) In wooden furniture manufacturers, most accidents occurred in woodworking operations of milling machine, sawing machine, and planer, and most personal injuries were hands cut by knife.2) To eliminate operational risks a furniture manufacturer should spend its most effort on: Improve workers'comprehensive stuff to increase their interest on woodworking machine operations; train workers'operational skills and acquaint them with performance of woodworking machine before they take up normal work; check and guarantee integrity and reliability of woodworking machine security installations to eliminate risks of"machine"operations; quicken air circulation at workshops, induce natural light to operational locations, monitor the use of personal protection instruments, and dilute wood dusts and powders in workshops; set safety supervision department complete with necessary facilities for safety organization and management.3) Furniture manufacturers with different undertakings: Frequency of risky behaviors of employees and accident occurrence rate in solid-wood-furniture manufacturers are higher than those of veneer furniture manufacturers; enterprises with employees'quantity lower than 500 enjoy the best safety situation and lowest accident occurrence rate; enterprises with employee scale between 501 to 1000 suffer the highest risks and accident occurrence rate. Risky factors and accident occurrence rate in joint-venture furniture manufacturers are less or lower than those of civil-run furniture manufacturers; furniture manufacturers complete with special safety and health operators and supervisors have employees'comprehensive stuff and"machine"safety better than those furniture manufacturers without special safety and health operators and supervisors, and the former has employees'risky behavior frequency lower than that of the later.4) There is a significant difference between ever-injured employees and never-injured employees when their comprehensive stuff and risky behavior frequency are compared. Ever-injured employees have comprehensive stuff and risky behavior frequency better than that of never-injured employees. Different never-injured employees are found to have significant differences in comprehensive stuff and risky behavior frequency when they are different in age, gender, personality, working years, education background, and receiving pre-post training or not. Employees who want most the strengthening of their comprehensive stuff are: age 26 to 35, introverted women, working for 1 to 2 years, educated only in primary school or even no education, or graduate of senior high school, without pre-post training. Employees with highest frequency of risky behaviors are: younger than age 25, men, working for 1 to 2 years, junior college graduates without pre-post training. There is no significant difference in the comprehensive stuff and risky behavior frequency of ever-injured employees with different characters.5) In furniture manufacturers the improved comprehensive stuff of employees will reduce risky behavior frequency of employees significantly, and eliminate risky factors of"machine"operations significantly. A manufacturer will find the strengthening of safety organization and management helpful for improving employees'comprehensive stuff, reducing frequency of employees'risky behaviors, increasing safety of"machine"operations, and upgrading working environment.6) Key approaches to reduce and eliminate woodworking machine operational accidents and risks are: To amend safety organization and enhance risks control can improve employees'comprehensive stuff and safety of"machine"operations, reduce frequency of employees'risky behaviors, and upgrade working environment for woodworking machine; to improve employees'comprehensive stuff can reduce risky behaviors of employees and upgrade safety of"machine"operations; to optimize man-machine interface design, secure integrity and reliability of woodworking machine security installations, increase safety of knife sets, moulds, and clamps, and set routine preventive maintenance program will upgrade safety of"machine"operations and reduce risky behaviors of employees.