Novel Uses Of Periplaneta Americana L.

The experiments were conducted to study the mechanism and feed safety of Periplaneta americana L.meal as a nutrition or medicine for the animals,and the effect of Periplaneta americana L.meal as a kinds of feed additive of broilers.The content of nutrition and sanitary indexes of Periplaneta americana L.meal were analyzed,the results showed that crude protein of female adult,male adult and nymph were 61.9%,67.2%and 60.2%,respectively.There were 18 kinds of amino acid;the ratio of essential to total amino acid of female adult,male adult and nymph Periplaneta americana L.were 37.91%,38.07%and 37.86%,respectively.The fat of female adult,male adult and nymph Periplaneta americana L.were 18.387%, 13.086%and 20.140%,respectively.It was rich in mineral element.The dominant of the unsaturation fatty acid was oleic acid,and that of saturation fatty acid was palmitic acid.The content of Pb,As,Cd,Cr,mould fungus and bacteria were below the limit. So Periplaneta americana L.can be used as a safe and high quality functionality feed. The results of acute toxicity tests on mice and rats(LD₅₀)showed that Periplaneta americana L.meal was non-toxic(LD₅₀＞10g··kg^-1).The results of 30 days feeding test in rats showed that Periplaneta americana L.meal had no significant effect on the weight,ratio of feed to weight gain,ratio of organ to body weigh,hematology and biochemical indexes of rats(P＞0.05);there were no signicant differences in the appearance and tectology of organ of meal treatment rats(P＞0.05).So Periplaneta americana L.meal was safety for animal eating.The results showed that carbon clearance index of 2.70 g·kg^-1and 5.40g·kg^-1 Periplaneta americana L.meal treatments were signicant higher than that of model control(P＜0.05),there were no signicant differences in carbon clearance index between 3 meal treatments and blank control(P＞0.05).There was signicant difference in content of serum hemolysin between 5.40g·kg^-1meal treatment and model control (P＜0.05);so were in content of serum hemolysin between 3 meal treatments and blank control(P＞0.05).CD₄/CD₈ ratio of peripheral blood of 5.40g·kg^-1Periplaneta americana L.meal treatment was signicant higher than that of model control(P＜0.05), there were no signicant differences in CD₄/CD₈ ratio of peripheral blood between 3 meal treatments and blank control(P＞0.05).Thymus indexes of 5.40g·kg^-1 Periplaneta americana L.meal treatment was signicant higher than that of model control(P＜0.05),there were no signicant differences in thymus indexes and spleen indexes between 3 meal treatments and blank control(P＞0.05).It suggested that Periplaneta americana L.meal could increase immune function of low immunity mice.The results showed that there was no signicant difference in content of SOD between 5.40g·kg^-1Periplaneta americana L.meal treatment and blank control (P＞0.05),while there were signicant differences between the two groups and model control(P＜0.05).Content of T-AOC of 5.40g·kg^-1Periplaneta americana L.meal treatment were 15.47%and 13.94%higher than that of blank control,respectively (P＜0.05).There were significant differences in content of MDA between 3 meal treatments and model control(P＜0.05).The structure of the damaged intestinal floss and ultrastructure of the damaged microvillus of 3 meal treatments were restored,and those of 5.40g·kg^-1meal treatment restored the best.There were signicant differences in the numbers of E.coli in intestine between 3 meal groups and model control (P＜0.05),while there were no signicant differences between the 3 groups and blank control(P＞0.05).It suggested that Periplaneta americana L.meal could increase the intestinal function of mice.Four hundred and ninety-five broilers were randomly divided into five groups: blank control,model control,2%,1%and 0.5%Periplaneta americana L.meal treatments.The results showed that:(1)the ratio of feed to weigh,gain of broilers on Periplaneta americana L.meal was 5.53%-8.77%less than that on blank control (P＜0.05).(2)The immunity organ indexes of broilers at 6 and 10 weeks age on 2% Periplaneta americana L meal were the highest among the tested groups,and significantly difference with that of blank control(P＜0.05).Lymphocyte stimulating index of the broilers on 2%Periplaneta americana L meal was higher than those on other 4 groups(P＜0.05).Content of globulin in serum of broilers on 2%Periplaneta americana L.meal were significant higher than those on other 4 groups(P＜0.05).All the flu vaccine and NDV antibody titers,content of globulin in serum of 2% Periplaneta americana L meal were the highest,and there were significant differences in these indexes between 2%Periplaneta americana L meal and blank control (P＜0.05).Morbidity rate and mortality rate of the broilers on 2%Periplaneta americana L meal after inoculated E.coli were significant lower than those of blank control(P＜0.05).(3)The content of SOD of the broilers on 2%and 1%Periplaneta americana L meal at the age of 4,6,8 and 10 weeks were higher than those on blank control(P＜0.05).The content of MDA of the broilers on 2%Periplaneta americana L meal at the age of 4,6,8 and 10 weeks were lower than those on blank control (P＜0.05).The content of GSH-PX of the broilers on 2%and 1%Periplaneta americana L meal at the age of 4,6,8 and 10 weeks were higher than those on blank control(P＜0.05).(4)The lenth of small intestinal villus of the broilers on the Periplaneta americana L meal increased by 1.84%-12.82%,while numbers of E.coli in intestine deceased by 10.41%-584.36%.So Peripianeta americana L.meal could increase the resistance to disease and the growth performance of broilers.It could not only replace fish meal,but also take the place of antibiotic.