| Mountain-basin combination is typical character of chinese physiognomy.Landscape pattern and eco-productive paradigm of inland river basins have been studied in north-westen china frequently in recent years,but studies about Mountain-Basin Systems of outer river were seldom concerned correspondingly.Helan Mountain is main maintain in Ningxia Hui people autonomous region,and also is one of mountains that divided china into easten and weaten part.The Yinchuan plain formed from fault basin has been irrigated by The Yellow river for hundreds years.Following a series of questions arising,such as resourses shortage,population explosion,water and soil erosion, environment deterioration etc, it is necessary to analyse ecological process and landscape pattern change of Helan Mountain-Yinchuan Basin system,further to plan and adjust land use structure,make strategy of landscape management and eco-productive paradigm.It is beneficial to function optimizing and sustainable development of Helan Mountain-Yinchuan Basin system,also is helpful to natural resources management ,landscape planning and whole management of other outer river Mountain-Basin system .In this study, take Yongning County as a typical transect of Helan Mountain-Yinchuan Basin system, based on the theory of physical geography and landscape,by field surveys and field experiment,chemical examination and 3S(RS,GIS,GPS) technologies, the landscape pattern change and class transfer, the complex eco-systems planning were studied. Before planning,the ecological process and ecological footprint,landscape pattern and landscape health were analysed and evaluated,The spatial databases of soil,water and biology resources were also builded based on GIS.The division of landscape units of Helan Mountain-Yinchuan Basin was through overlay analysis command in GIS. In the end,management policies of each landscape unit were made.The main results reveal that:⑴Natural background nanlysis showed that:the largest area of soil types in Yongning County is irrigation-silting soil next is ochr-sierozem soil. The order of content of organic matter of soil types from high to low is:montanic soil>alluvial soill>diluvial soil.The mean fractal dimension displayed the following order:irrigation-silting soil > fluro-aquic soil > ochr-sierozem soil > sandy soil. From the top soil layer down.Different characters of soil fertility and generation distribution also existed among those soil types.Total water resource consumption of study area was 4.0×108m3,among them the percentage from agriculture was 88.78%.the deficient amount of water resource reached 0.781×108m3.Pollution also became a reason of water shortage.The model of winter wheat+wheat interplanting of corn was more efficient in water utilization and produced the highest economic benefit among plantting pattern in Yinchuan plain.Among economic foresty species ,wine grape,Chinese wolfberry,peach has higer effect of water use.The water use peak of Yinchuan Basin appeared in period between middle of May to early July.The determination results of stable-isotope carton of typical plants including tree species,shrubs,grass species,and cultivated plants showed that wheat and species in desert or in sand have higer value ofδ13C.⑵Landscape pattern of Helan Mountain-Yinchuan Basin system was effected synthetically by a series of ecological process,such as climatic change and natural factors,population increasing,economic development.In recent twenty years,the whole pattern of landscape has changed obviously, and indexes of diversity,evenness and heterogeneity of landscape decreased. During 1989 to 2007 year, landscape classes and structure have changed obviously,land transformed frequently. Annual dynamic degree of land use of irrigated land,building site,sand land were higher than other land use types, but irrigated land and building site had a net growth,sand land had a negative growth respectively.The result of NDVI revealed:low coverage land decreased sharply,in contrast,medium-low and middle coverage land increaased.Various driving forces led to the structure change of whole landscape,landscape classes,ecotones of Helan Mountain-Yinchuan Basin system.⑶In 2007 year,ecological footprint Per capita of Yongning County was 3.830 hm~2,but ecological capacity per capital was only 2.686 hm~2,there was 1.143 hm~2 ecological deficit per capita,the result showed resources consumption was in excess of regeneration capablity out and away,theYongning County was in unsustainable development state.Based on the analytic hierarchy process,a set of index syetem has been built,and landscape health index(LHI) was calculated,LHI of Yongning County in 2007 was 3.265,that revealed the healthy state of Helan Mountain-Yinchuan Basin has been improved slightly.but there are long away to improve healthy state of the whole landscape under ecological management idea.⑷Depending on Overlay analysis of main factors of Mountain-Basin system in GIS,the Helan Mountain-Yinchuan Basin was divided into three first order unit and nine second order units,functional orientationthey and spatial layout were conducted. There are seven vegetation belts in Helan Mountain-Yinchuan Basin system from west to east,they are mountain forest belt,mountain shrub-grass belt,mountain foot desert grassland belt,oasis belt in diluvial fan plain,oasis belt in alluvial plain,wetland belt near the Yellow river, desert grassland belt in ordos platform. Based on analysis above a"mountain-plain oasis-river-platform eco-productive paradigm"is proposed.⑸After analysis about favorable and restricted factors of each first order landscape unit,a set of Management Countermeasure was suggested.For productive unit,adjusting planting structure, formula fertilization,optimizing planting model, water Saving Irrigation should be adopted;for semi-productive unit,controling sand,fertilizing soil, water Saving Irrigation are necessary;for protective unit,fencing is major method,and manual intervention is secondary.The characteristics and innovation of this study is:It's the first time to study the landscape pattern of Helan Mountain-Yinchuan Basin system based on the theory of physical geography and landscape,3S technologies also been adopted.and Present situation evaluation was been did.As a organic whole,Mountain-Basin(plain) was divided into first order and second order unit according the differentiation of natural factors in mountain-basin system.Through identifying restriction factors and adjusting layouts, the function.of Helan Mountain-Yinchuan Basin will been improved.In view of Helan Mountain-Yinchuan basin is a ecological Continuum, it's innovative to put forward the holistic system of Helan Mountain-Yinchuan Basin as suitable scale for landscape management. Based on the fact that Helan Mountain-Yinchuan Basin in a circle composed by deserts and Loess Plateau,and seven vegetation ( the mountain forest belt,mountain shrub-grass belt,mountain foot desert grassland belt,oasis belt in diluvial fan plain,oasis belt in alluvial plain,wetland belt near the Yellow river, desert grassland belt in Obrdos platform) belong to the system, a"mountain-plain oasis-river-platform eco-productive paradigm"is proposed.
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