Research On Evaluating Environment Safety Of Bathing Beaches

Beach environment is composed of water, weather and climate and beach geology environment near shore. To the touring activities on the shore, some indexes of environment have great infections on touring experience, healthy, even safety of life. From the purposes of forecasting, predicating, managing the beach environment and protecting the health and life of tourists, the article discusses establishing a evaluation system on beach environment. From the demonstration study of 23 beaches at mainland of China, the results are of below: (l)Based on the air and water temperature in bathing season, the beaches could be divided into warm, cool and transition groups. The height and variety of air and water temperature have distinct latitude-belt distribution characteristics. (2)Based on the weather and UVI in bathing season, the beaches could be divided into cloudy and rainy, cloudy and rainless, and sunny and rainless groups. The beaches in Shandong and Jiangsu Provinces have more cloudy and rainy days in bathing season;and the beaches in Liaoning and Hebei Provinces like most of the beaches in south China have more sunny and rainless days;a few beaches in south of China have cloudy and rainless days in the bathing season. The main cause of the phenomena is for the moving of the rain zone in the east of china. (3)Based on the wind speed and height of wave, the beaches could be divided into strong wind and strong wave, weak wind and weak wave, weak wind and middle wave, middle wind and weak wave, middle wind and middle wave and weak wind and strong wave types. The differences among the types are due to the wind speed, the depth of the sea water, the communicating status between coast and open sea and the direction of the beaches. (4)Based on the F.coli and dissolved oxygen and transparency, the beaches could be divided into high water quality, middle water quality and low water quality groups. The water of some beaches near middle city or little town in south China is better than the beaches in north China, especially beaches near urban. The main cause of the low water quality is due to the contamination of the F.coli. (5)Based on the tourists density, the slopeand composing substance of the beaches, the beaches could be divided into low, common and high quality groups. Almost all of the beaches of China are high quality beaches. A few beaches are common or low quality beaches due to heavy density of tourists, steep slope of the profile of foreshore and coarse substances. (6)Based on the data of climate, hydrology, water quality and beach composing substances of 8 beaches which have full data, integrative indexes of environmental safety are calculated with Rosenberg-Fishbein model. Beach rating result of integrative indexes is(from high to low): Yalong Bay, Sanya;Silver Beach, Beihai;International Beach, Weihai;Golden Beach, Yantai;Meisha Beach, Shenzhen;Wanpingkou Beach, Rizhao;Tiger-rock Beach, Beidaihe;First Beach, Qingdao.