| The Xinjiang’s capital city Urumqi was chosen as the study area, selected 2001-2015 as the study period, using satellite remote sensing image to retrieve the urban brightness temperature, to evaluate the intensity of the urban heat island effect, through the evaluation of urban intensive land use level and urban human settlements quality, the economic and social development in Urumqi were measured, which also can be constructed as three dimensional evaluation system for economic, social and ecological(E-S-E) to evaluate the city’s development and sustainable development in 15 years, its dynamic characteristic was obtained, the influence factors were found for the inherent law of the development of urban, which provided guidance and advice for Urumqi’s future planning. The results of the study show that:(1) The maximum heat island intensity in Urumqi in 4 periods was 16.06 C, 17.81 C, 18.19 C, 16.54 C, respectively, showed a characteristics of firstly increasing then decreasing; weighted average heat island intensity were 1.183,1.355,1.437,1.349, city heat island intensity on average increased, on the stage, showing features of firstly enhancing then decreasing; the proportion of heat island index were 0.295,0.256,0.352,0.292, the value was lower than 0.5, high temperature area in the urban area was small, city heat island development degree was low, on the whole, at the end of the study decreased slightly than on early stage; the three index weight were given by using entropy method, which helped calculating the comprehensive development level of heat island effect in four a period: 7.620,8.441,8.661,7.878, showed a changing feature of firstly enhancing then decreasing, the intensity of heat island effect was increased by about 3.4 percentage points compared with that in the early stage of research. Through division of internal city, in the north of Toutunhe District, Midong District had a large proportion of the "heat island", the spatial differentiation characteristics of urban heat island effect roughly weakens from north to south in turn. By the qualitative analysis, the urban heat island effect has relationship with the green space coverage, The proportion of green space occupied by the urban landscape pattern is higher, and the cooling effect is bigger; by the quantitative analysis, the industrial layout influenced heat island effect, proportion of heat island area(Tianshan District, Saybagh District) of the tertiary industry proportion is far higher than other divisions, shows that the industrial structure adjustment will help to alleviate the urban heat island effect.(2) Urban intensive land use level in 2001-2015 of Urumqi, with an overall increasing trend, has an increasing rate of 2.6%/a, the city land use had a transition from extensive to intensive; The increasing rate of urban land intensive use level of each division unit is: 0.134/a in Tianshan District, 0.053/a in Shayibake District, 0.199/a in Xinshi District, 0.057/a in Shuimogou District, 0.088/a in Toutun River District,-0.001/a in Midong Distric; during the study period, the city’s land use efficiency is the highest in the Xinshi District, the lowest is Midong Distric, the spatial distribution characteristics of urban land intensive use level has the trend of decreasing from the center of the city; The main factors that affect the level of urban land intensive use, in addition to urban economic input and output level, but also related to the city’s ability to cope with the pressure of population growth. Such as per capita housing area, construction land of the elastic coefficient of population growth. Urban land intensive utilization level of driving force on the one hand, depending in per unit area on the improvement of the economic benefits of the, on the one hand is determined in response to urban development in all aspects of pressure(population, industry growth ability raise.(3) The change of Urumqi urban human settlements quality in the 15 years is similar to the level of land intensive use, on the whole, it showed an increasing trend, the increase rate of 0.7%/a, the quality of urban human settlements gradually tend to be good, : 0.058/a in Tianshan District, 0.065/a in Shayibake District, 0.091/a in Xinshi District, 0.085/a in Shuimogou District, 0.066/a in Toutun River District, 0.015/a in Midong Distric; during the study period, the Xinshi District increased fastest, the slowest is the Midong Distric. The distribution characteristics of urban human settlements quality in space have the trend of decreasing from the center of the city. Main factors influencing Urumqi City habitat quality in addition to the per capita living space, per capita road pavement area, "three waste" treatment rate of the infrastructure level descriptive index, but also on the density of population, the natural population growth rate by the urban land, infrastructure construction design caused by pressure and factors that affect the quality of the habitat. In addition, the improvement of the consumer price index(CPI) will reduce the quality of the urban human settlements.(4) The city’s comprehensive development and coordination degree in 2001-2015 were overall rising; the comprehensive development level of city on the basis of economy society environment is increasing. It shows that the comprehensive development level of the city based on the economic and social and environment is increasing year by year, and the urban development tends to be more balancedly in economical, social and environmental. 2001-2015, the overall level of urban sustainable development increased by 3.15%, The main factors that affect the sustainable development of the city can be divided into economic directivity index(GDP per capita, the annual output value of the secondary industry and the tertiary industry growth rate, export trade and so on), social orientation index(the natural population growth rate, consumer price index), resource and environment point index(built-up area green coverage rate, treatment rate of waste, land resource utilization rate) and infrastructure support degree index(infrastructure investment proportion, per capita road pavement area, the per capita housing area). |
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