| The serious contradiction between water supply and demand seriously restricts the development of social economy, which leads to the water issues among regions and water users more frequent. The single mode of water resources allocation in the past could not adapt to the pace of the socialist construction, ecological civilization construction and water-saving social construction, so it is necessary to seek more reasonable and scientific resources allocation way,method, theory, and system to optimize water resources allocation. The market is doomed to occupy an important position in deepening the water resources system construction in our country due to the advantage of high-efficiency, spontaneity, comprehensiveness in the resources allocation and so on. However, in the process of constructing and perfecting water rights system, water right trading and water-rights market, the obstacles of the allocation of water resources in market are the lack of water right theory basis which match the practice of the production management, relatively complete trading rules,scientific and reasonable trading measures, distinct water rights trading mode and clear water rights trading impact analysis model. Thus, a set of systematic and scientific theory, method and model are needed to provide the guidance and support for the construction and perfection of water right trading mechanism.(1) Two layers of water rights concept is put forwarded on basis of the implementation of the present situation administrative water distribution,management needs in water industry and the "Three Red Lines" of the most strict water resources management, which was composed of water intake right in administrative level and water consumption right in user level combining with the process of market development in China. This paper analyzed the differences and linkages between water consumption right and water intake right, and pointed out how the concept of two levels of water rights realizing the optimal allocation of water resources, promoting the construction of water-saving society and implementing the most strict water resources management system in the initial allocation of water rights,water rights trading and trading external analysis.(2) Based on the concept of two layers water rights and water rights initial allocation in watershed, the initial allocation model of water intake right was constructed, which focused on the goals and objectives of water consumption right and water intake right allocation combining with the principles and constraints of two layers water rights. And the multi-objective programming method was adopted to find the optimization solution of water intake right initial allocation scheme. Then the initial allocation model of water consumption right was constructed, the aim of which is minimum deviation of subgoals. And the water consumption right initial allocation scheme was obtained using fuzzy mathematical methods. What’s more, the acquired prioritization scheme through the two layers water rights allocation scheme is the basis and foundation of two layers water rights trading. In addition, Shaying river was taken as an illustrative case study, which verified the rationalization of two layers water rights initial allocation model.(3) The water consumption right trading model and water intake right trading model were constructed with the goal of economic efficiency and social welfare combining with the characteristics of a free market and quasi-market, which is based on the concept of two levels of water right and water right initial allocation. And the Matlab Fminimax module and Fgoalattain module were applied to find the optimal solution respectively to water consumption right trading and water intake right trading. Then the influence of prices on two levels of water rights trading schemes was analyzed in different trading prices. Finally, Shaying river watershed was taken as an example to analyze the variation of income and welfare under the condition of two levels of water rights trading.(4) The externality of two layers of water rights trading in watershed focused on the negative externality research based on water rights trading scheme. Though the analysis of water rights trading factors and purpose of externality research, the negative externality of water quantity and quality generated by water rights trading were simulated and analyzed. Furthermore, Shaying river watershed was taken as an example by application of the calculative model and method. And the aspects which should be taken care and improved were put forwarded in the process of two layers water rights trading in Shaying river watershed. |
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