| Objective:The aims of this study were to investigate the status of physical activity and physical function and PWB in elderly people of community, explore the relationship of the above three and the factors influencing PWB. Provide recommendations for the elderly on physical activity to reduce the risk of chronic disease, slow the degradation of physical function, enhance the independence of daily activities, assist the elderly to enhance the PWB, in order to promote successful aging.Methods: Aged60and older persons living in six communities of Baoding city were selected and investigated. The survey contents included: general information of the elderly, Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly, The Senior Fitness Test, Psychological Well-being Questionnaire. SPSS software for windows version13.0was applied to analyze the data, statistical methods included Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Nonparametric test, Spearman correlation analysis and Multiple stepwise regression analysis.Results:A total of268valid questionnaires were received, of which150females,118males. The age ranged from60to93. The results were followed:1The highest score of physical activity was266.86, the lowest score was8.57, the median score was133.43. Physical activity was no significant difference in different gender groups of the elderly, but in different age groups, physical activity was significant difference.2Physical function,30-second chair stand,30-second arm curl, shoulder stretch and2-min step-in-place of different gender elderly were statistical significance, chair sit-and-reach and8-feet (2.44-m) up and go were no statistical significance.30-second chair stand,30-second arm curl, shoulder stretch,8-feet up and go and2-min step-in-place of different age groups were statistical significance, chair sit-and-reach was no statistical significance.3The mean score of Psychological Well-being Questionnaire was4.64±0.57, six dimensions, dimension of the highest score is self-esteem(5.55), followed by personality development(5.11), several other dimensions scores are also≥4, PWB of the elderly was in a medium higher level.4Unvariate analysis of PWBStatistics showed that the PWB of the elderly and age was negatively correlated, it indicated that the older elderly, the lower PWB questionnaire score, the poorer PWB.A statistical significance was identified on the terms of educational level, the higher the educational level of the elderly, the stronger the PWB. There had significant differences in terms of monthly income, the higher the monthly income, the stronger the PWB. PWB of older people in different marital status were significantly different, PWB of elderly with the spouse alive was higher than those without spouse. With different chronic conditions, PWB was significantly different. The elderly without chronic disease has the highest score. PWB of the elderly with or not have hobbies were significantly different, the one without fans tended to the poorest level of PWB. There were significant differences in terms of different attitudes towards community pension environment, satisfied with the community inclined to own the best level of PWB. There had discrepancy of the total scores among the elderly with different living patterns, living with spouse and with their children, PWB scores were the highest, however, no difference between the above two. There was significant difference between the groups of with the habit of regular activity and without. The participants with habit of regular activity were higher than those without.5Multivariate analysis of PWBResults of multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that the influential factors of PWB were suffering from chronic conditions, hobbies, attitude to the community pension environment, habit of regular activity, which could explain35.1percent of the variance. 6The correlation among PWB, physical activity, and physical functionResults of spearman correlation analysis indicated PWB of the elderly was significantly positive correlation to physical activity, and upper body strength, lower body strength, upper body flexibility, lower body flexibility, agility/dynamic balance, aerobic endurance. Upper body strength, lower body strength, upper body flexibility, lower body flexibility, agility/dynamic balance, aerobic endurance was significantly positive correlation to physical activity.Conclusion:PWB of the community elderly was in a medium higher level. The influencing factors of PWB were suffering from chronic conditions, hobbies, attitude to the community pension environment, regular activity habits, which jointly explained35.1%of the total variance of PWB. Suggesting that proceed from the modifiable factors, such as assisting the elderly to establish a wide of interests in order to enhance PWB. PWB of the elderly was positively correlated with physical activity and physical function. Physical function and physical activity were positively correlated. Therefore, should help the elderly actively and scientifically engaged in physical activity, slow decline in physical function, increase the capacity for independent living, improve the poor mental state, strength self-acceptance and sense of belonging, ultimately enhance PWB to achieve successful aging. |
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