| Objective:Establishing the needs of the elderly questionnaire in nursing home to discuss the needs of the elderly and needs satisfaction situations and analyze the influential factors of the needs,and finally to provide basis for nursing home to formulate corresponding policies.Methods:1.Based on the framework of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, we tried to establish the needs of the elderly questionnaire in nursing home, and investigated 123 elderly people in4 institutions in Baoding City.2.By convenience sampling methods, 367 old people from 11 nursing home in 2 districts of Baoding city were investigated.The main testing tools included the general information,Activities of daily living Sale, the needs of the elderly questionnaire in nursing home. Using SPSS16.0 to analysis data, score of total needs and five dimensions used mean, standard deviation and standardized scores to describe; each item of needs and satisfaction situations expressed as percentage; univariate analysis used rank sum test; the needs of different dimensions were as the dependent variable and the general information and self-care ability were the independent variable, which used multiple linear regression analysis.Results:1.Item analysis and reliability and validity: Through item analysis, we found 41 items have statistical significance; content validity index of final questionnaire was 0.84, the cumulative variance contribution of 5 factors was 49.818%, the factor loading of each item was >0.3, and finally factor structure was basically in accordance with the 5 field of the theoretical framework; the Cronbach's ? coefficient and retest-reliability coefficient of the total questionnaire were>0.8.2.Needs and needs satisfaction situations in general: The mean score of total needs of old people in nursing home was(31.31 ? 9.521), was 48.92% that was in middle level. About standardized scores of needs of each dimension, love and belonging needs was the highest(67.6%), physiological needs was the lowest(34.77%). The percentage of needs satisfaction was from 41.0% to 88.6%, which was relatively good, but needs satisfaction situations of partial items were not optimistic.3.Specific needs and needs satisfaction situations in different dimensions:In aspect of physiological needs, the top 5 needs were “Dental examination and oral care needs(76.6%)”,“ Solve the problem of sleeping with help of medical staff(65.4%)”, “Assist to take a bath(59.9%)”, “The need of rehabilitation training(50.7%)”, “ The needs of going up and down the stairs with the help of nursing assistants(42.6%)”, and unfulfilled needs of which were serious; In terms of safety needs, the needs were generally high, the unsatisfied need of reimbursement about nursing treatment, care and other services was especially critical;Among love and belonging needs, need about visiting from relatives and friends was as high as 97%, the main unfulfilled needs were chatting and demand of the staffs' company; In self-esteem needs, the needs of asking for recommendations about activities was highest, the unfulfilled proportion of which was the highest; In aspect of self-fulfillment needs, the needs of the old mainly focused on cleaning and taking part in recreational activities, and the situation of unfulfilled needs was not going well.4.The results of multiple linear regression analysis were as follows:(1)Self-care ability,the charge standard, the conditions about chronic diseases, the census register were the influential factors of physiological needs and explained 69.1% of the variance of physiological needs;(2)For safety needs, the conditions about chronic diseases, the census register, the character of nursing home were the main influential factors and explained 36.2%of the variance;(3)For love and belonging needs, age, self-care ability, the census register, the conditions about chronic diseases were the main influential factors and explained 41.3% of the variance;(4)In regard to self-esteem needs, education background and economic sources were the influential factors and explained 35.3% of the variance;(5)In terms of self-fulfillment needs, education background, economic sources, the income and expense condition, self-care ability, the charge standard were the main influential factors and explained50.4% of the variance.Conclusion:Psychometric properties analyses showed that the questionnaire achieved good levels of reliability and validity. Compared with similar studies, the total needs of old people in nursing home was at a higher level, and the condition of needs satisfaction was relatively good, but partial items were not optimistic. As needs of the elderly in different dimensions were affected by many factors that were different from each other, self-care ability, the conditions about chronic diseases, the census register, economic sources, the charge standard,education background were the main influencing factors of the elderly needs. So society,family and nursing homes should pay attention to the needs of the old, and make use of existing conditions to meet the needs of the elderly as far as possible to improve the quality of their life. |
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