| The fact that medical documents emerge in large numbers brings about a series of complex problems. They are:(1)therapeutic methods adopted by different documents are different from one another; (2)the evaluations of different documents to the therapeutic methods are conflicting; (3)new therapeutic methods are worth adopting or not;(4) some research conclusions are contradictory.It is a jointly-concerned problem of clinic doctors, patients and hygienic departments to appraise the effectiveness and safety of the present clinical therapeutic and diagnostic methods. It's a problem which decides the distribution of further clinic policy-decisions and medical resources and the further improvement of professional skills and treatment quality of medical doctors. In the past this kind of appraisal mainly depended on clinic experiences of individual clinic doctor and summaries of other doctors' experiences. Obviously it's a little one-sided. The recent 20 years has witnessed a developing clinic borderline medicine- Evidence-based medicine (EBM), which is based on medical evidences. To obtain such evidences is totally dependent on collecting and analyzing the present clinic materials with scientific methods and the systematic review.The systematic review is a newly developing form of summarizing documents and a new medical research method based on clinic epidemiology and evidence-based medicine. In recent 20 years the medical circles in developed countries have attached more and more importance to applying the method to clinic medicine and research. Its fundamental process is built on a specific clinical problem. The result of its clinic research is systematically and comprehensively accumulated. By using the clinic epidemiology to seriously appraise the principles and methods of documents, the overall and reliable conclusion will be reached by selecting some documents which meet the review criteria, and eliminating the dross and the false and retaining the essential and the true.The name of Shenshui ( Nephrotic Syndrome) is derived from an ancient book Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber: "The symptoms of Shenshui are: big belly, swollen navel, aching back and waist, no urine, wet private parts and chilly feet." Plain Questions: "Aching back and waist, and chilly feet are symptoms of Shenshui." The National Criteria of PRC. Clinic Terminology of TCM Diagnosis and Treatment- Diseases: "Shenshui is caused by many damages to kidney. It's a kind of edema diseases characteristic of long-term edema, plenty of albuminuria, low protidemia and high pionemia." So its symptoms are identical to those of NS in western medicine. Nephrotic Syndrome (short for NS) is caused by many reasons. It's a clinic syndrome characteristic of plenty of albuminuria, low protidemia, edema and high pionemia. The yearly disease incidence of children is about 3 per 100,000; adults, 1.5 per 100,000. Once attacked by the disease, it's difficult for patients to get fully recovered. NS is a clinically intractable disease because of its quick invasion, severe symptoms, easy recurrence, strong side-effects of medicines,complicated pathogeny and various symptoms. Furthermore, there exist many different views toward NS: the knowledge of NS is not integrated from the past to the present, from the western countries to China, and from internal medicine to pediatrics; its therapeutic methods are varied; every doctor sticks to his own view, unable to agree or decide which is right. It's a task to be solved at present to do systematic research on NS, integrate our views, treat it timely and effectively, control albuminuria as early as possible, prevent recurrence and relieve toxicity of medicine.It can be traced back long time ago to treat edema by means of TCM, which has its own unique strengths and distinctive characteristics in theories and practice. Meanwhile TCM plays an important role in eliminating albuminuria, preventing recurrence and relieving side-effects of western medicines, so accumulates abundant and precious experiences. In r...
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