| 1. BackgroundAccording to statistics,95%of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) belongs to type2(T2DM). At present, China’s incidence of DM ranks the No.1around the world with more than9200patients, overtaking India. People’s Republic of China National Economic and Social Development Plan has listed DM as major disease threatening our lives, and prevention and treatment of DM in the domain of Chinese medicine have a history of thousands of years with rich experience accumulated and great achievements fulfilled. In the field of TCM(Traditional Chinese Medicine) in the treatment of T2DM, medical practitioners had written a large number of books and documents to pass down their experiences of clinical practice and exploration since ancient times. Traditional manual retrieval method is failed to handle the rapidly growing amount of scientific articles, so some new efficient, scientific, accurate and direct methods are desired to uncover the structure and development of knowledge. Traditional bibliometrics methods are seeking to solve problems of "extremum" and’"ranking", but always fail to find out the "structures" such as the complex relations between authors and institutions, the structured evolvement of research interests and the potential development of domains, moreover, the statistical graphs it rendered are not based on its inner data, so the needs for illustrating and analyzing multi-dimensional data cannot be met. It is an urgent task to be fulfilled to find research ideas from the numerous previous data, and sum it up to the law, predict the development prospects of the field, and show it in an explicit way. The coming up of scientific knowledge mapping meets the needs of development of science and the times. It gives us accurate pictures of our intuitive visual expression that presents a scientific framework and development context, particularly those research hot spot and frontier areas.2. Purpose and Significance2.1To systematically card domestic and foreign literature regarding the treatment of T2DM in traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine respectively, to reveal the development in this field and to find the core leaders and research units, to clearly and accurately reveal their knowledge structure, find research hot spots, the frontier areas and development trend. This is of importance and far-reaching practical significance for us to track and choose the international research frontiers of science and technology, explore and formulate development strategy and policy. 2.2To check and compare the domestic and abroad researches in T2DM treatment based on knowledge mapping and to reveal their own characteristics. Particularly to dig out the disadvantages of TCM in order to learn the advanced research methods and science and technology from international researches. This will promote the better service of TCM.2.3To help researchers to grasp the research status of T2DM treatment both domestically and abroad, to provide information for scientific researchers; to provide reference data for scientific decision making and to provide possible opportunities for better international academic cooperation and exchanges.3. Design and Methods3.1Co-occurrence analysis and word frequency analysis method was applied to selected literatures regarding to T2DM treatment in TCM and western medicine, and a bibliometrics analysis was conducted to the external characteristics of the literatures, such as the author and source institutions, to find the relationship and main research positions.3.2The knowledge map of T2DM treatment was drawn using document co-citation clustering analysis, the key node literature analysis, keyword co-occurrence clustering analysis, burst detection analysis and citation burst analysis.3.3Information visualization technology was applied to identify the research hot spot, the key nodes of evolution, the research frontier and the new trend of T2DMtreatment.3.4Comparison analysis method was applied, based on the knowledge map and classical literature reading, to card and explain the similarities and differences in Chinese and western medicine treatment of type2diabetes.4. Results4.1Knowledge map analysis of T2DM treatment in western medicine4.1.1Literature regarding T2DM treatment in western medicine increased steadily year by year, PARVING HH was the most prolific authors in this field, the United States ranked the top number, Harvard University published most papers,928papers published in the journal DIABETES CARE, the core journal in the field. Novo nordisk (Denmark famous pharmaceutical company) funded most researches.4.1.223558papers were included fanally, analysis results showed that total lead network was composed of307nodes,717wire, and was divided into11clustering, Cluster3is the largest cluster, knowledge structure of the field could be found there. Critical literature view, keywords co-occurrence clustering atlas, critical references view and enumeration of highly cited literature, key literature and reference nodes, critical words list, outline the key nodes, hot spot and frontier areas in the field of T2DM treatment in western medicine.4.2Knowledge map analysis of T2DM treatment in TCM4.2.1Literature regarding T2DM treatment in TCM increased year by year, this area had become a research hot spot of TCM.Universities of Chinese medicine had become the main research centers.4.2.26724papers were included finally, a total number of20clusters were formated, the detailed list of the20clustering identified the basic knowledge in the field of the research structure and its dynamic evolution process.Critical literature view, keywords co-occurrence clustering atlas, critical references view and enumeration of highly cited literature, key literature and reference nodes, critical words list, outline the key nodes, hot spot and frontier areas in the field of T2DM treatment in western medicine.5. Conclusion5.1Conclusion of knowledge map analysis of T2DM treatment in western medicine5.1.1Knowledge structure of T2DM treatment in TCM:intestinal insulin therapy; TZDS hypoglycemic drugs; Metabolic surgery, bariatric surgery and diabetes surgery applied in T2DM treatment; High blood pressure and diabetes; dyslipidemia and diabetes; blood glucose control and complications (cardiovascular complications); clinical trial research and gene therapy, inflammatory pathways, insulin, insulin resistance, sodium dependence research of glucose transporters.5.1.2Research hot spot:all kinds of oral medications for type2diabetes medications (mainly for metformin); improved glycemic control effect on complications (especially large vascular complications and its serious consequences); comprehensive management of blood sugar, blood pressure, blood fat for T2DM patients. Keywords co-occurrence network view, keywords clustering sequence diagram, a combination of high frequency keywords list and classical literature reading, presents the hot spot and new trend in the field of T2DM treatment in TCM.5.1.3Important knowledge evolution path:The prospective diabetes study (UKPDS), TZDS oral glucose-lowering drugs and glucagon peptide1(glp-1) hypoglycemic effect had played important role in T2DM treatment in western medicine.5.1.4Research hot spot and new trend:development and application of new drugs based on intestinal insulin therapy and sodium/glucose transporters together2(SGLT2) inhibitors (Glenn net drugs); improved glycemic control; Surgical treatment of T2DM.5.2Conclusion of knowledge map analysis of T2DM treatment in TCM 5.2.1Research hot spot:Diabetic nephropathy and diabetic neuropathy (peipheral) and complications such as diabetic foot.5.2.2Main method, treatment, prescriptions and drugs for T2DM treatment in TCM:Chinese herbal medicine, combined Chinese and western medicine treatment and acupuncture treatment, mainly invigorating the circulation of blood and removing stasis, tonifying qi and nourishing Yin, The most commonly used formula were Liuweidihuang pill, Buyanghuanwu decoction, xiaoke pill, and most commonly used herbs were radix astragali, rhizoma coptidis, radix trichosanthis. Tianmaixiaoke tablets, Yiqiyangyin particles, Jiangtangheji, Yiqiyangyin pill, xiaokeyin, Tangnikangfang, Yiqiyangyinheji, Tangshenkang Tanzhijiangtang capsule, xiaokechongjii(no sugar), xiaoke capsules and other traditional Chinese medicine treat treatment had obtained the good curative effect.5.2.3New trend:System evaluation related to T2DM treatment in TCM.In this thesis, the method of knowledge mapping is adopted to explore the Chinese/western medicine treatment of T2DM from international sources with respect to the evolvement of the research key nodes, knowledge structure and the research interests. This method not only presents the " knowledge map " in the field, but also allows us, from a broader perspective, to sort out the corresponding discoveries and development. Based on these, comparison and analysis were drawn between the treatment of T2DM with Chinese and Western medicine to reveal their advantages and disadvantages. Meanwhile new ideas and directions for the research of medicines treating T2DM can also be identified.
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