Research On Water Rights Quality And Economic Efficiency Of Water Resource

The former fundamental research and the reality practice indicated that the water rights and the water rights system have the material effect to the allocation and utilization efficiencies of the water resource. But the setting of the water rights system is broad, the limit of the water rights become a mere formality, divide thickly, peel back, unable storage and so on, that is to say, the situation that the water rights quality is not high, has affected the water rights full display, so it is difficult to realize the most superior water resources economic efficiencies.This article take the knowledge of the system economic, the property right economic, the resource and environment economic as the research foundation, has defined the connotation and the extension of the water rights quality and the water economic efficiency. Synthesis using the methods of normal analysis, demonstration analysis, gambling analysis, and so on, has specifically discussed the various factors of the water rights quality : the nature of water rights exclusive, transfer, division and peeling degree, storage, exercise and definition, how to effect the economic efficiency of water resource, has drawn the following research conclusion:(1) The water rights quality refers to the water rights' integrity and intensity, which was weighted and reflected by the nature of water rights exclusive, transfer, division and peeling degree, storage, exercise and definition. The water resource economic efficiency refers to the people how to dispose and use water's efficiency, namely water resource allocation efficiency and using efficiency. Theoretically, water rights exclusive is stronger, easier to transfer, more careful to division and peeling, more stable to storage, more effective to exercise, clearer to definition, then, the water rights quality is higher, thereinto, exclusive is the main vector character. But any factor's enhancement, can enhance and optimize the water rights quality corresponsively, and finally enhance the water resource allocation efficiency and using efficiency.(2) The agriculture water's consumption occupies 70% in the national total water's, but its exclusive right is weak, therefore, analysis of the agriculture water right's exclusive, it is much more valuable and significant to research the overall's water rights quality condition. Researches the agriculture irrigation water situation in china, including the rivers irrigation area, the reservoir irrigation area and the groundwater well irrigation area, the water rights mostly belong to"the villages and towns club"form. But in the practice, farmers are unable to realize the full exclusive to the outside persons, therefore, agriculture water rights are"the villages and towns club"rights that have certain exclusive but not completely exclusive. The village and town club form's water rights, suppress the construction and the development of agricultural water's transfer-market, result in the behavior of waste water and maximized using water when farmers irrigate. The basic reasons caused the agriculture water rights exclusive incomplete are that: first, in the limit process of agriculture water rights exclusive, it had only considered the exclusive-cost, neglected the internal management- cost, caused that the reality rights′equilibrium amount to be lower than the best rights′arrangement degree. Second, the limit rights exclusive-cost are high, including the limit and distribution cost, the supervision and execution cost, which compares with the limit prospective return, the farmer individual rationality choice actually cause the collective non-rational result, the water rights strong exclusive right to realize with difficulty. On the premise that water rights exclusive-cost are high and the peasant limit will are low, improve the supply mechanism of water measurement′facility, such as provide the irrigation and the measurement facility by the urban department or bear its expense, and according to"who invests whose income"principle, the private supply investment way, all can carry out the advanced terminal measurement facility. Moreover, make use of the farmer water-used association; reduce the internal management cost and the supervision cost.(3) The water rights′transfer can realize the water resources relocation and drive water user saving. Whether do the water rights transfer occur are decided by water using efficiency variance between the different departments, the units, the industries′, the transfer direction are from the low efficiency department to the high. Through the analysis discovered, in China, water used efficiency existence big differences between agriculture and Industry sectors, it is have the transfer conditions from the agriculture to industry, however, because the initial water rights limit not clear, the water rights transfer prices deviation market equilibrium price, the water rights transfer's organization and the place which lacked, and the water rights storage difficult, Which caused the water rights transfer-cost and the income risk were big, caused the water rights transfer was in the condition that the transaction scale and quantity few, scattered and the existence conflicted and disputed, result in some destructive dispositions such as water rights stagnate and X- inefficiency. But profits from the Ningxia flood river irrigation area′s experience, running the water ticket system, may define and stable water rights, and through farmer water used association,"water rights bourse", and"water rights bank", can promote water rights circulation, enhances the water resources allocation and using efficiency.(4) From the overall evolvement tendency of the human society property right relations looks that the property right development is generally from unites to the decomposition, and decomposition tends to be fine, therefore the water rights also have the possibility which continues to divide. Internationally, the transfer right, the mortgage right, the debit and credit right had divided from the using rights, obtained universal and effective using, which developed the water rights establishment and the arrangement, increased the water rights usefulness and promoted its relocation. In our country, the water rights′transaction only presented few cases, but the transfer right has not divided or established, but the debit and credit right and the mortgage right, have not divided from the right of using, regardless of in theory or in practice. But applying many kinds of water measurement, using water rights bank and the water rights bourse, enhancing (agricultural irrigation) the price suitably, can establish the water wastage as far as possible, guarantee the reasonable incomes of the debit and credit and the transfer, and which all can provide the function space to the debit and credit, the mortgage and the transfer.(5) The relations of the water rights storage time and the water resources economic efficiency are not simple related, but change periodically. As the time growth of water rights storage, the water resources economic efficiency present increases first then reduces by turns periodically. The water storage time is excessively short that will immediately the prospective return of the property owner who save water, but excessively long will produce the water rights stagnate, which all could embarrass the water′relocation, so only the moderate time to storage can be able to promote the water rights circulation. But in china, the flaws existed in the construction and the management of irrigation area and reservoir, such as the reservoir facility gets older, the government"seek rent"behavior and so on, as well as the nature"public pond resources"of water storage, cause the water rights storage is in the kind which the personal is impossible to store independently, storage time is excessively short and have the water rights infirm-change phenomenon coexisting, finally caused the water user only to pay attention to the current water-used benefit to waste the water resources, which is the unsustainable water used phenomenon. Regarding this, may through the currency-drive and the market strength, internalize the exterior behavior of water storage, and profit from the overseas experience, depend on the major and medium reservoir and South-to-North water diversion project, construct and apply the surface and the ground water rights bank, increase the storage space, enhance the storage share of water rights and safeguard the water rights quality.The water rights definition influence water rights exercise ability immediately, exercise ability′strong and weak will be relate to the water rights income and the value manifestation. Different water rights used for agriculture, industry, pollution and so on, are in the state of the properties′commonality and the properties′neighborhood, the definition and the establishment development of the water rights exercise ability are slow. Under this kind of water rights definition′system, the water rights owner′exercise is infirmed, when the water rights owner exercises"protection, handling and management"behavior, has caused many water rights conflict phenomenon. The high cost of the water rights definition and exercise, the present public water rights system, and the flaw of new property right establishment and limit by exterior performance, cause the probability to be very small when water rights owner defining and exercise protection, in view of this, establish the transaction system, perfect and systemic institutional framework of distribution, implementation and the maintenance, can supervise and punish the irregularity behavior in water distribution and using, and drive the abidance and saving water behavior, enhance the water rights binding force and exercise ability, and by use the benefit conformity mechanism like benefit expression, conflict adjustment and consult, internalize the exterior behavior of water exercise, avoid water rights conflict, guarantee water used efficiency.