Research On The Operation And Management Of River Resources Property Rights, Yellow River For Example

Water is the human survival lifeline. Because the rivers distribute broadly, the water volume to be big, the cycle period is the shortest and exposes in the surface, and so on, the river water becomes most main fresh water source which the humanity relies on. The river water is one important source in our industry and agriculture production and in the resident living water. But with the development of economic, the river water resources actually faces the pressures of shortage, pollution and low-efficiency use, simultaneously the water rights conflict phenomenon is a serious problem, the river water ecological environment worsens day by day. Therefore, it has the great significance and importance to research on the river water resources'effective and sustainable use.Concerning the water resources'multi-purpose use, this article utilized the theoretical knowledges of property right economic, system economic,natural resource economics, game theory, western economic, and so on, and divided the water property rights as: the resident living water right, the agricultural irrigation water right, the electricity generation water right, the industy using water right, the water pollution right, the shipping water right, the aquiculture water right, the ecology and the landscape water rights (in view of my limits about study level, this article take Yellow River for example, not refer to the resident living water right, electricity generation water right, shipping water right and aquiculture water right).This article have constructed the river water resources property right system from four aspects of the river water rights'initial assignment system, the implementation system, the transaction system and the supervising and regulating system.This article research on the river water resources property rights'management and operation mainly from the following four aspects, the research conclusions are as follows:(1) The cost and efficiency of defining the river water resources property rights. The defining of the water rights, from the angle of bundle of rights, is to define the water rights'ownership, the right of use, the right of income and the right of exchage, enable the water rights have the divisibility, separation the ownership right and using right. The water rights have the goods property right characteristic, the degree of water rights defining must have the water rights exclusive expense and the internal management cost restrictions. The water rights exclusive cost refers to the invested cost that consume the resources in the process of establishment water resources exclusive authority. The exclusive cost is divided into the defining cost and the implementation cost as well as the government property system factor. The water rights internal management cost refers that the water resources control section to make the decision-making, take actions'cost. The internal management cost produces in public question, when many individuals or many members share the resources property rights, regarding the investment excessive use which is invariable, the collectivity needing to perform to restrain can pay certain cost. Therefore, the water rights complete defining can face the extremely high cost, however, the water rights is impossible to define completely. But, between the degree and the efficiency of water rights defining has a turning point, this spot is the best defined degree of water rights defining (i.e. K* spot in the graph of degree and efficiency of water rights defining), which can cause the water rights defining efficiency to be more obvious. This article analysize the defining cost and benefit of the river water irrigation water rights, the industry water rights, the river water pollution power, the ecology and the landscape water rights.(2) The two kind organizations of river water property rights market transaction - -"Water Rights Exchange"and"Water Rights Bank". With the river water resources getting more and more short and the economic structure gradually change, the water rights transaction frequency will be higher and the involving scope will be broader, all these need to having one kind of certain water rights markets organization form or the body to provide the water rights transaction place, which will reduce the transaction cost, and to satisfy the water resources's special demand, so this article proposed the concepts of"Water Rights Exchange"and"Water Rights Bank". As the effective organizational form and body to develop and optimize our country's water rights markets, the"Water Rights Exchange"can cause the research to the water rights markets regarding a certain body, making the transaction easier. The establishment of"Water Rights Bank", can make up the flaws that unwill or can not adopt the"Water Rights Exchange"to transaction, can also satisfy the needs that partial water used household have the demand of mobile and flexible to the water resources, thus realizes the water resources'multi-channel, flexible and the effective use.(3) Taking Yellow River for example, analyse the river water's irrigation water rights, the industry water rights, the river water pollution rights, and the ecology landscape water rights. Firstly, analyzes the cost and the benefit of water rights defining in turn. Secondly, mainly analyzes the above water rights which participated in the water rights markets transaction. And, the irrigation water rights and the industry water rights are two big water use bodies, which composed most part of water rights markets transaction. In view of the characteristic of irrigation water rights and the industry water rights, this article has designed the construction and the operation principle of the"Water Rights Exchange"and the"Water Rights Bank". This article also pointed out that the"Water Rights Exchange"is a form of the river water pollution rights'trading market, and the"Water Rights Bank"can realize the pollution rights'"storage"and"debit". Moreover, the government as the ecology and the landscape water rights spokesman may use the"Water Rights Exchange"and the"Water Rights Bank"participates the market transaction, satisfing the requests of ecology and the landscape river water use and the need of sustainable development. Finally, taking the Yellow River for example, this article analyse the Yellow River irrigation water rights, the industry water rights, the ecology and the landscape water rights correspondingly.(4) Policy and suggestion of river water property rights management and operation.In order to realize the river water resources effective and reasonable distribution, we should take measures from the following aspects:â‘ The system construction aspect, completes the water rights defining and the initial distribution, provides the law and the system guarantee to the water rights transfer and strengthens the construction of water infrastructural facilities.â‘¡The supervising and regulating aspect, strictly supervise the water rights transaction in the"Water Rights Exchange"and the"Water Bank".â‘¢The public opinion environment aspect, strengthens the propaganda, increases the understanding to the river water rights, make full use of all levels and all various types water use association.