| Promoting the transformation of the agricultural population into citizens is the primary task of new-type urbanization construction.Since 2012-2021,the urbanization rate of the permanent population has increased significantly,from 53.10% to 64.72%,with an average annual growth rate of 1.29%,far higher than the world’s average annual growth level of 0.45%.However,as of the end of 2021,the urbanization rate of household registration was only 46.7%,which means that the majority of farmers have only realized the transformation from rural to urban and from agricultural production to non-agricultural employment,and have not realized the transformation from "farmers" to "citizens" in a real sense,which shows that the progress of urbanization is still far behind the degree of urbanization.Therefore,the key to the current transformation of rural citizens is still to allow the agricultural population to fully enjoy the same treatment as urban residents,enjoy the public service resources that cities and towns should have,realize the leap of the household registration system,and truly integrate into the process of the city.However,in the context of the current rapid economic and social development,the urbanization process is significantly related to China’s current farmland constraints,and farmers are usually prone to fall into the dilemma of land disposal and urban employment.At the same time,farmers’ subjective perception of their own environment is also the driving force for the transformation of agricultural population into citizens.Therefore,this study focuses on the three major research subjects of farmers’ urbanization tendency,land circulation and environmental perception,explores the influence between land circulation and farmers’ urbanization tendency,and adds environmental perception as a moderating variable to the model to verify the mechanism of farmers’ subjective perception of living environment between land circulation and urbanization tendency,analyze the reasons and put forward useful suggestions in this regard,so as to accelerate land intensification,improve the progress of urbanization,and promote new urbanization.Based on the questionnaire survey conducted in 7 counties(districts)of Sichuan Province in June 2022,this study analyzed the characteristics of 297 farmers’ land circulation and citizenization tendency,and on this basis,used the probit model to test the impact of land outflow and land inflow on farmers’ citizenization tendency in turn;At the same time,the perception of the local village environment by farmers is introduced into the model to test its moderating effect on the impact of land outflow and land inflow on farmers’ urbanization tendency.The final conclusion is as follows:(1)Among the sample farmers in 7 counties(districts),there are relatively more farmers with a tendency towards urbanization,accounting for 55.8%;The total number of land transfer households is 166,with land outflow/inflow accounting for 86.75% and 13.25% respectively.(2)In the empirical test of the impact of land transfer on farmers’ tendency to become citizens,land transfer can positively affect farmers’ tendency to become citizens at a 10% level;After dividing the specific direction of land transfer,it was found that land outflow can positively affect the tendency of farmers to become citizens at a significant level of 1%;The inflow of land will have a negative impact on the tendency of farmers to become citizens at a significant level of 1%.(3)In the test of the moderating effect of environmental perception on the impact of land transfer on farmers’ tendency to become citizens,environmental perception negatively suppresses farmers’ tendency to become citizens at a level of 10%;After dividing the direction of land transfer,the moderating effect of environmental perception on the impact of land outflow on farmers’ urbanization tendency is not significant;Environmental perception plays a moderating role in the impact of land inflow on farmers’ tendency towards urbanization,with a significant level of 5%.(4)In terms of robustness test,the conclusion obtained by replacing probit model with Logit model is basically consistent with the empirical results in terms of overall trend,direction and significance.(5)In terms of control variables,variables such as education level,number of household labor,trust degree of village cadres,settlement behavior of relatives and friends,and employment behavior of relatives and friends had a positive promoting effect on farmers’ urbanization tendency;Variables such as whether they are party members,agricultural income ratio,and household labor ratio have a negative impact on farmers’ tendency to become citizens.Based on field research and empirical test analysis,this study puts forward relevant policy suggestions from the aspects of standardizing and promoting land circulation and guiding farmers to achieve urbanization,mainly including:breaking the dual structure of urban and rural areas,improving the protection of rights and interests in entering the market,accelerating the circulation of rural land,and promoting urban and rural ecological construction. |
