Quantity Discount Contract Coordination Of Risk Aversion In The Supply Chain Under Asymmetric Information

With the process of economic globalization,the complexity between the node enterprises in the supply chain and the external market environment also deepens.The complex internal and external market environment reduces the flexibility of the supply chain system and increases the probability of being attacked by emergencies.The originally coordinated supply chain is no longer coordinated when emergencies occur in the external market environment.Contract mechanism is a common tool for the coordination of the supply chain.It has become an important link in emergency supply chain management to select the appropriate contract to coordinate supply chain in order to make the benefits of supply chain and its participants reach Pareto optimality or improvement.Emergencies may lead to the following changes in the supply chain: random changes in market demand,in market prices,changes in risk attitudes of supply chain participants from risk neutrality to risk aversion,and changes in information symmetry to information asymmetry among supply chain participants.In this paper,we take the two-level supply chain system composed of a single retailer and a single supplier as the research object based on these four influence factor and use the quantity discount contract as a tool to explore the coordination of supply chain operation performance and internal mechanism under different influence factor.With the help of emergency supply chain coordination theory,risk measurement criteria(CVa R),Myerson’s display principle and the concept of "altruistic principal".Scientific setting of incentive and participation constraints.We establish two discount contract model under the conditions of price stability and price randomness--the emergency quantity discount contract model with unilateral asymmetric information of participants’ risk aversion and the emergency quantity discount contract model with bilateral asymmetric information of participants’ risk aversion.In this paper,we can conclude four conclusions based on the sales data of king crab in December 2019 and January 2020 in Shanghai:(1)Under the condition of stable market price and random market price,considering the situation of unilateral asymmetric information of risk aversion of supply chain participants: suppliers(merchants supplying king crab)can benefit from it by concealing production cost information based on asymmetric production cost information,regardless of whether the risk attitude of retailers(hotels,resorts selling king crab,etc.)changes,but it will damage the profits of the whole supply chain and retailers;retailers can profit from it by concealing sales cost information based on asymmetric information of sales cost,regardless of whether the risk attitude of suppliers will change,but it will damage the whole supply chain and the profits of suppliers.Moreover,the more accurate the information-deficient party forecasts the cost information of the party with private information,the higher its own revenue and the revenue of the entire supply chain.(2)Under the condition of stable market price and random market price,considering the risk aversion of supply chain participants and asymmetric bilateral information,retailers and suppliers will increase the performance of the supply chain by improving the prediction accuracy of the cost interval.When retailers and suppliers both improve the prediction accuracy of the cost,if the retailer’s prediction accuracy is higher,the retailer’s revenue will be increased,while the supplier’s profit will be lost,and vice versa.(3)Bifurcation mutation phenomenon is the result of the coupling effect of price randomness and risk aversion,which has nothing to do with whether the information is symmetric or not.However,asymmetric information will reduce the stability of the supply chain system.At the same time,the more asymmetric the cost information and the greater the risk aversion of the supply chain participants,the more likely it is to lead to bifurcation mutation phenomenon.(4)When emergencies result in risk aversion of supply chain participants and asymmetric information among participants,compared with the situation of stable prices,random prices bring high returns to the supply chain and also risk of high losses.