Research On Emergency Quantity Flexibility Contract Under Stochastic Price

With the rapid development of informationization and economic globalization, the increasingly fierce competition has a higher requirement of the supply chain. In order to improve the overall competitiveness of supply chain, the enterprise will take measures to ensure to achieve supply chain coordination. However, due to the complex external environment and increased competition, the probability that all kinds of emergencies attack the supply chain has significantly increased. This makes the supply chain cannot be in accordance with the original operation plan and cannot be coordinated. Therefore, pursuing Pareto Optimality or Pareto improvement of whole emergency supply chain and the chain members, namely emergency supply chain coordination, is one of the main purpose of the emergency supply chain management.Based on the assumption of former research that market demand fluctuates randomly, this dissertation considers the case of the market price stochastic and studies how to use Quantity Flexibility Contract(QFC) to coordinate emergency of two-stage and three-stage supply chain under the condition of symmetric information. Then the dissertation studies the two-stage emergency QFC by using Principal- Agent Theory, with regard to the situation of asymmetric information. Finally, numerical examples are brought up to exemplify the problems above.The main content and innovation points of this dissertation can be summarized as follows:(1)This dissertation considers how to achieve coordination of a two-stage supply chain by wielding QFC among which the demand and market price fluctuate randomly with emergencies, in order to find the optimal ordering and pricing decisions. The dissertation assumes that the elastic coefficients are constants and establishes the emergency QFC model to find the inherent constraints of achieving supply chain coordination under situation of market price fixed and stochastic, and explores it by comparison with the benchmark QFC model. Then turning the elastic coefficients to variables to find whether there is an optimal elasticity coefficient and order quantity simultaneously, and analyzing the influence on production and ordering strategies and the overall revenue of the supply chain. In the end, the correctness of above conclusions is verified by a numerical example.(2)This dissertation explores inherent laws of how to coordinate a three-stage supply chain by wielding the emergency QFC under the random price condition. First, a model, which applies the QFC that response to emergencies specially, is brought up to find the optimal ordering and pricing decisions. Then the dissertation compares the results with those under the condition of no-emergency and the price fixed, respectively. Second, the paper turns the elastic coefficients in the model from constants to variables to probe whether there exist the optimal elastic coefficients and the ordering quantity simultaneously. Third, we analyze if the change of elastic coefficients have influence on the revenue of the whole supply chain and related parties’ decisions. Finally, a numerical example was brought up to verify the above findings.(3)Focusing on the two-stage QFC supply chain, this dissertation finds a path of performance optimization based on asymmetric information, when the emergency causes demand and market price fluctuating randomly. An emergency QFC model under asymmetric information of product cost and sales cost is designed with the application of Revelation Principle. In addition, through this model, the optimal ordering and the wholesale price strategy is given. At last, an example verifies the impacts of the degree of information asymmetry on the benefits of supply chain.